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进食行为的迷走神经调控机制
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Abstract:
进食行为是一个高度复杂的动态过程，需要整合机体内稳态信号与环境中的享乐信号，以实现自适应平衡。肠神经系统(ENS)作为人体的“第二大脑”，通过肠–脑轴与中枢神经系统(CNS)进行信号交换，在调节进食行为中发挥重要作用，其中迷走神经(VN)作为肠脑对话的关键纽带，调控着进食的稳态与享乐过程。本文综述了迷走神经在稳态进食中的两大核心系统——内感受系统和外周饱腹系统，以及在享乐进食中的两类驱动线索——感官愉悦线索和营养价值线索的作用机制。同时，结合现代食物环境下的肥胖易感性，探讨了迷走神经相关的干预策略，为优化进食行为调控提供理论依据与实践指导。
Eating behavior is a highly complex and dynamic process that requires the integration of homeostatic signals and hedonic cues from the environment to achieve adaptive balance. The enteric nervous system (ENS), known as the “second brain,” plays a vital role in regulating eating behavior by exchanging signals with the central nervous system (CNS) via the gut-brain axis. The vagus nerve (VN), as a key mediator of gut-brain communication, governs both homeostatic and hedonic aspects of eating. This review examines the role of the vagus nerve in regulating homeostatic eating through two major systems—the interoceptive system and the peripheral satiety system—and its involvement in hedonic eating via sensory pleasure and nutritional value cues. Additionally, the susceptibility to obesity in the modern food environment and vagus nerve-based intervention strategies are discussed, providing theoretical insights and practical guidance for optimizing the regulation of eating behavior.
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