小学数学空间观念培养策略研究
Research on Strategies for Developing Spatial Concepts in Primary School Mathematics

空间观念是小学数学培养的十大核心素养之一。它是学生空间想象力的重要组成要素，也是学生创新思维能力发展所必须的要素。培养学生的空间观念是一项重要的教育任务，它对提高学生的逻辑思维和推理能力，对激发学生的创新精神和实践能力具有至关重要的作用。小学生空间观念发展具有从直观感知到抽象理解、从二维平面到三维立体、从单一要素到全面要素、从标准图形到变式图形的规律。本文根据小学生空间观念发展规律，就如何培养小学生的空间观念，提出了以下对策：联系生活情景，激发学生学习的兴趣；引导学生有序观察，感受空间观念；注重操作体验，激发空间观念；发展想象能力，助力空间观念；充分借助多媒体，深化空间观念。
The concept of space is one of the ten core qualities of primary school mathematics. It is an important component of students’ spatial imagination and a necessary element for the development of students’ innovative thinking ability. Cultivating students’ spatial concept is an important educational task, which plays a vital role in improving students’ logical thinking and reasoning ability, stimulating students’ innovative spirit and practical ability. The spatial concept development of primary school students has the rule from intuitive perception to abstract understanding, from two-dimensional plane to three-dimensional, from single element to comprehensive element, from standard graphics to variable graphics. According to the development law of pupils’ space concept, this paper puts forward the following countermeasures on how to cultivate pupils’ space concept: connecting with life situation, stimulating students’ interest in learning; Guiding students to observe orderly and feel the concept of space; Paying attention to operation experience, stimulating the concept of space; Developing the ability of imagination and helping the concept of space and making full use of multimedia to deepen the concept of space.