卢卡奇物化理论与马克思异化理论之比较分析——基于《历史与阶级意识》和《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的思考
A Comparative Analysis of Lukács’ Theory of Reification and Marx’s Theory of Alienation—Reflections Based on History and Class Consciousness and the Economic-Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》公开发表十年前，卢卡奇就在《历史与阶级意识》一书中提出了物化理论，和马克思的异化理论殊途同归，在精神实质上同向而行。他试图用马克思主义回答并解决资本主义快速发展而产生的社会问题，因此二者在概念界定、批判对象、理论结果和最终追求上相互联系。但由于二者时代不同，因此在思想渊源、理论出发点、概念区分和扬弃物化或异化的实现通路上有所不同。深入进行二者对比分析能够有效帮助我们把握物化理论和异化理论，对中国式现代化道路设计提供新的思考。
Ten years before the public publication of the Economic-Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Lukács proposed the Theory of Reification in his book History and Class Consciousness, which is similar with Marx’s Theory of Alienation and goes in the same direction in its spiritual essence, trying to use Marxism to answer and solve the social problems arising from the rapid development of capitalism. Therefore, they are interrelated in terms of concept definition, object of criticism, theoretical results and ultimate pursuit. However, because of their different times, they differ in their ideological origins, theoretical starting points, conceptual distinctions, and ways to achieve the elimination of objectification or alienation. An in-depth comparative analysis of the two can effectively help us grasp the theories of reification and alienation and provide new thoughts on the design of the Chinese path to modernization.