商业数据反不正当竞争法保护的反思与纠正
Reflection and Correction of Anti-Unfair Competition Law Protection of Business Data

随着第四次工业革命蓬勃兴起，大数据技术迅速发展，数据应用场景也在不断拓展，数据正在成为数字经济的关键生产要素，甚至因其重要性而被誉为二十一世纪的“新石油”。企业对于经济的风口一向是最为敏感，企业家们越来越意识到数据的珍贵与稀缺。近年来，由于企业数据爬取和使用所引发的数据权益争议不断，涉企业数据权益纠纷案件也在逐年增长，企业数据权益保护问题引发广泛关注。在既有法律无法调整冲突各方关系的背景下，为满足企业数据权益保护的需求，制定专门法律规范，调整各方利益冲突，填补立法空白，具有重要的规范与现实意义。因此，国家市场监管总局已经启动《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》(以下简称《反不正当竞争法》)的第三次修订，新增数据保护条款，从禁止的数据侵害行为、商业数据界定、不构成数据侵权的例外这三个方面做出了规定。运用《反不正当竞争法》处理商业数据纠纷，既是平衡数据权益保护与数据利用的需要，也是司法实践选择的结果。
With the vigorous rise of the fourth industrial revolution, the rapid development of big data technology, data application scenarios are also expanding, data is becoming a key factor of production in the digital economy, and even known as the “new oil” of the 21st century because of its importance. Businesses have always been the most sensitive to the economic wind, and entrepreneurs are increasingly aware of the value and scarcity of data. In recent years, due to the continuous disputes over data rights and interests caused by enterprise data crawling and use, the cases involving enterprise data rights and interests are also increasing year by year, and the protection of enterprise data rights and interests has aroused wide concern. Under the background that existing laws cannot adjust the relationship between conflicting parties, in order to meet the needs of enterprise data rights protection, it is of great normative and practical significance to formulate special legal norms, adjust the conflict of interests of parties and fill the legislative gap. Therefore, the State Administration for Market Regulation has initiated the third amendment of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the “Anti-Unfair Competition Law”), adding data protection provisions, from the prohibited data infringement, the definition of commercial data, and exceptions that do not constitute data infringement. The application of “Anti-Unfair Competition Law” to deal with commercial data disputes is not only the need to balance the protection of data rights and data utilization, but also the result of judicial practice.