|
|
不同年龄阶段下的依恋研究
|
Abstract:
依恋形成于个体生命早期与依恋对象(通常为养育者)的情感互动过程，是一种稳定的情感联结。内部工作模型是依恋理论的核心概念，但以往研究更多地关注于内部工作模型的稳定性，忽视了个体随着年龄变化的发展性。在回顾完依恋及其内部工作模型后，该研究对不同年龄阶段下的依恋研究进行整理发现：安全依恋(积极的内部自我模型和积极的外部他人模型)在不同年龄阶段中的积极效应是较为一致的，但依恋的对象在一定程度上展现出符合年龄阶段的规律性。这或许表明依恋同时具有稳定性及发展性，其有利于依恋理论和测量方式的发展与完善。
Attachment forms in early life through emotional interactions with attachment figures (typically caregivers) and represents a stable emotional bond. The internal working model is a core concept of attachment theory; however, previous research has primarily focused on the stability of internal working models, neglecting their developmental aspects as individuals age. After reviewing attachment and its internal working models, this study organized research on attachment across different age stages and found that secure attachment (characterized by positive internal self-model and external other-model) consistently exhibits positive effects across different age stages. However, the objects of attachment demonstrated a certain degree of age-related regularity. This perhaps indicates that attachment possesses both stability and developmental aspects, which could facilitate the advancement and refinement of attachment theory and measurement approaches.
| [1] | 胡平, 孟昭兰. 依恋研究的新进展[J]. 心理学动态, 2000(2): 26-32. |
| [2] | 李彩娜, 孙颖, 拓瑞, 刘佳. 安全依恋对人际信任的影响: 依恋焦虑的调节效应[J]. 心理学报, 2016, 48(8): 989-1001. |
| [3] | 马原啸. 安全依恋启动对非安全依恋的认知改善效应[D]: [博士学位论文]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2020. |
| [4] | Bowlby, J. (1977) The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 421-431. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.130.5.421 |
| [5] | Mikulincer, M. and Shaver, P.R. (2010) Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change. Guilford Publications. |
| [6] | Ravitz, P., Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Sthankiya, B. and Lancee, W. (2010) Adult Attachment Measures: A 25-Year Review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69, 419-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.006 |
| [7] | Cooke, J.E., Kochendorfer, L.B., Stuart-Parrigon, K.L., Koehn, A.J. and Kerns, K.A. (2019) Parent-Child Attachment and Children’s Experience and Regulation of Emotion: A Meta-Analytic Review. Emotion, 19, 1103-1126. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000504 |
| [8] | 江群, 卢珊, 张茜, 王争艳. 母亲鼓励自主与学步儿的探索行为: 依恋的调节作用[J]. 心理学报, 2018, 50(7): 750-760. |
| [9] | 宋省成, 丁菀, 谢瑞波, 吴伟, 王蝶, 陈艳华, 李伟健. 父亲协同教养对留守儿童问题行为的影响: 父子依恋与自尊的链式中介[J]. 心理科学, 2022, 45(2): 339-346. |
| [10] | 吴伟, 谢瑞波, 丁菀, 王蝶, 李伟健. 父母心理控制与童年中期儿童问题行为的纵向关系: 父子依恋和母子依恋的中介作用[J]. 心理科学, 2022, 45(2): 364-371. |
| [11] | 张咏梅. 青少年依恋及与人际信任的关系研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 苏州: 苏州大学, 2006. |
| [12] | 田雨馨, 周宵, 伍新春. 创伤暴露程度对青少年物质滥用的影响: 创伤后应激障碍与依恋的中介作用[J]. 心理科学, 2018, 41(1): 219-224. |
| [13] | 邹盛奇, 伍新春, 黄彬彬, 刘畅. 母亲守门行为与母亲教养投入、母子依恋的关系及发展性差异[J]. 心理学报, 2019, 51(7): 816-828. |
| [14] | 邹盛奇, 伍新春, 黄彬彬. 母亲守门行为与父子依恋的关系: 父亲教养投入的中介作用[J]. 心理科学, 2019, 42(6): 1361-1367. |
| [15] | Ariav-Paraira, I., Oppenheim, D. and Sagi-Schwartz, A. (2022) The Combined Contribution of Maternal Sensitivity and Disrupted Affective Communication to Infant Attachment in an Israeli Sample. Attachment & Human Development, 24, 777-794. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2022.2136724 |
| [16] | 刘斯漫, 王争艳, 张莹, 江群, 张茜. 学步儿母亲过度投入/未解决的依恋表征与控制行为: 婚姻质量及儿童性别的调节作用[J]. 心理科学, 2018, 41(3): 565-571. |
| [17] | 李微微, 张青, 刘斯漫, 王争艳. 父母儿童期情感虐待对学步儿问题行为影响机制的比较[J]. 心理科学, 2020, 43(3): 593-599. |
| [18] | Cooke, J.E., Racine, N., Plamondon, A., Tough, S. and Madigan, S. (2019) Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences, Attachment Style, and Mental Health: Pathways of Transmission to Child Behavior Problems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 93, 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.04.011 |
| [19] | Patel, P.Y., Mahar, E.A. and Webster, G.D. (2022) Adult Romantic Attachment, Electronic Messaging, and Relationship Quality. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25, 200-206. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2021.0060 |
| [20] | Pietromonaco, P.R. and Overall, N.C. (2021) Applying Relationship Science to Evaluate How the COVID-19 Pandemic May Impact Couples’ Relationships. American Psychologist, 76, 438-450. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000714 |
| [21] | 曹贤才, 王大华, 王岩. 情节模拟对预期伴侣反应性及依恋安全感的影响[J]. 心理学报, 2020, 52(8): 982-992. |
| [22] | 王浩, 俞国良. 恋爱中大学生依恋焦虑与心理健康的关系: 恋爱关系质量的中介和调节作用[J]. 心理科学, 2022, 45(5): 1092-1098. |
| [23] | 王秀娟, 王娜, 韩尚锋, 刘燊, 张林. 面孔可信度对助人行为的影响: 依恋安全的调节作用[J]. 心理学报, 2018, 50(11): 1292-1302. |
| [24] | 谢其利, 李崇敬, 全小山, 何飞, 江光荣. 少年夫妻老来伴: 夫妻依恋与留守老人孤独感[J]. 心理学报, 2018, 50(7): 771-781. |
| [25] | Bernhold, Q.S. and Metzger, M. (2018) Older Adults’ Parasocial Relationships with Favorite Television Characters and Depressive Symptoms. Health Communication, 35, 168-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1548336 |
| [26] | 王争艳, 刘迎泽, 杨叶. 依恋内部工作模式的研究概述及探讨[J]. 心理科学进展, 2005, 13(5): 629-639. |
| [27] | Hazan, C. and Shaver, P.R. (1987) Conceptualizing Romantic Love as An Attachment Process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 270-280. |
