中学生幸福感的实证研究及启示——基于PISA 2018中国四省市数据的分析
Empirical Study and Inspiration on Middle School Student Well-Being—Analysis Based on PISA 2018 Data from Four Provinces and Cities in China

幸福感无疑是促进学生全面发展的基石，同时也是衡量学校教育质量不可或缺的标准。文章基于PISA 2018数据，首先简要介绍了PISA测试中学生幸福感的概念和评估手段，然后总结概述了影响学生幸福感的因素，发现学业压力和校园欺凌对学生的幸福感产生负面影响，而学校、教师及家长的支持和同伴合作则对提升学生幸福感具有积极作用。研究结果启示教育工作者需辩证审视学业成绩与幸福感的关系，强调学校风气建设和家校协同教育的重要性，并提倡构建和谐的师生及同伴关系。本研究为理解中国中学生的幸福感现状提供了实证数据，并为素质教育和德育工作提供了新视角。
Well-being is undoubtedly the cornerstone of promoting students’ comprehensive development, and it is also an indispensable standard for measuring the quality of school education. The article is based on PISA 2018 data. Firstly, it briefly introduces the concept and evaluation methods of students’ well-being in PISA testing. Then, it summarizes and outlines the factors that affect students’ well-being. It is found that academic pressure and campus bullying have a negative impact on students’ happiness, while support and peer cooperation from schools, teachers, and parents have a positive effect on improving students’ happiness. The research findings suggest that educators need to dialectically examine the relationship between academic performance and happiness, emphasize the importance of school culture construction and home school collaborative education, and promote the construction of harmonious teacher-student and peer relationships. This study provides empirical data for understanding the current state of happiness among Chinese middle school students and offers a new perspective for quality education and moral education.