Effects of Optokinetic Stimulus Using Virtual Reality on Standing Posture Control—A Pilot Study

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of optokinetic stimulation (OKS) using virtual reality (VR) on visual dependency and sensory reweighting in postural control during static standing. Specifically, it examined whether VR-based OKS could reduce visual dependency more effectively than visual deprivation through eye closure. Methods: Ten healthy adults participated in this study. A balance function meter was used to measure postural stability, including Romberg ratios before and after two conditions: VR-based OKS (VR + OKS) and eye closure (EC). Participants performed a two-minute standing task under each condition in random order, with adequate rest between tasks. In the VR + OKS condition, a smartphone-based VR headset presented a rotational OKS, while in the EC condition, participants stood with their eyes closed. Statistical analyses were conducted using paired t-tests to compare pre- and post-task Romberg ratios. Results: No significant differences were observed in the pre-task Romberg ratios between conditions. After the VR + OKS condition, significant reductions in Romberg A and Romberg V were observed. In contrast, no significant changes were noted in Romberg ratios after the EC condition. Conclusion: VR-based OKS significantly reduced visual dependency, as indicated by decreased Romberg ratios, suggesting its potential to facilitate sensory reweighting during postural control. These findings highlight the utility of low-cost VR devices in balance rehabilitation for conditions involving high visual dependency. Future studies should expand on this preliminary research by including larger sample sizes and diverse populations to confirm its clinical applicability.