语用标记“什么意思”的演变路径及语篇功能研究
A Study of the Evolutionary Path and Discourse Functions of the Pragmatic Marker “Shen Me Yi Si”

汉语中“意思”一词意蕴丰富，而关于“什么意思”的研究仍存有空白，词组“什么意思”是现代汉语口语中常用的一种格式，它含有多重语义与功能。我们将应用行、知、言三域的描述框架来分析这些用法之间的差异，考察结构“什么意思”在这三个认知域中的不同语用功能和语义内涵。此外我们发现三域的“什么意思”之间具有一定的继承关系，从行域的临时词组到言域不可分割的完整结构，发现其表达的信息真值量在减少，重心逐渐转向语用层面，更强调前后话语之间的联系。研究初步发现，“什么意思”三域相异的语义与功能代表着演化的连续统，既有外部因素影响，同样也是语言自身发展的结果。最后，我们指出“什么意思”与第二人称代词具有共现倾向，这在一定程度上反应了语言的交互主观性，期望能在语用层面上对人际交流提供积极建议。
The word “Yisi” in Chinese is rich in meaning, but there is still a gap in the study of “Shen me yi si”. The phrase “Shen me yi si” is a commonly used format in modern spoken Chinese, and it contains multiple semantics and functions. We will apply the descriptive framework of the three domains of acting, knowing and uttering to analyze the differences between these usages, and examine the different pragmatic functions and semantic connotations of the structure “Shen me yi si” in these three cognitive domains. In addition, we found that there is a certain inheritance relationship between the three domains of “Shen me yi si”, from the temporary phrase in the acting domain to the inseparable complete structure in the knowing domain, and found that the amount of information truth value it expresses is decreasing, and the focus is gradually shifted to the pragmatic aspect, with a greater emphasis on the connection between the preceding and the following discourse. It is tentatively found that the different semantics and functions of the three domains of “Shen me yi si” represent a continuum of evolution, which is influenced by external factors as well as the result of the language’s own development. Finally, we point out that “Shen me yi si” has a tendency to co-occur with second-person pronouns, which to some extent reflects the interactional subjectivity of language, and is expected to provide positive suggestions for interpersonal communication at the pragmatic level.