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从微生物角度揭示气候变暖对土壤有机碳转化的影响
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Abstract:
全球气候变化对陆地生态系统的功能产生了重要影响，土壤有机碳(SOC)是维持陆地生态系统生产力和可持续性的关键，以CO2为主的温室气体的过量排放导致全球气候持续变暖。微生物是SOC周转的动力，是全球变暖影响SOC储量与化学特性的关键媒介。气候变暖导致大部分农田和森林的有机碳储量下降，但草原的有机碳含量升高，这可能与微生物对有机碳的异化分解和同化固定之间的权衡有关。气温的升高和与之相伴的CO2浓度升高有利于植物生长，使得植物光合作用增强，向土壤中输入的有机碳增加，这些外源有机碳在微生物的作用下转化为稳定碳源，可直接提高微生物的呼吸活性，真菌在土壤微生物中的比例降低，而细菌所占的比例升高，对土壤碳库的储存产生不利影响。植物功能群(BFGs)促进土壤活性有机碳库的释放，提高土壤微生物的碳矿化速率。在评估农业生态系统多功能性(EMF)响应时，不仅要考虑微生物多样性，还要考虑它们之间的相互作用，这对预测未来气候变化情景下生态系统功能的变化具有重要意义。从多角度入手，深入认识气候–微生物-SOC之间的关系，有利于在全球变化的大背景下，充分发挥土壤碳汇效应，为实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”提供理论与政策依据。
Global climate change has a significant impact on the functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is crucial for maintaining the productivity and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems. The excessive emission of greenhouse gases, mainly CO？, has led to continuous global warming. Microorganisms are the driving force behind SOC turnover and the key medium through which global warming affects SOC reserves and chemical properties. Climate warming has caused a decline in the organic carbon reserves of most farmlands and forests, but an increase in the organic carbon content of grasslands. This may be related to the trade-off between the dissimilatory decomposition and assimilatory fixation of organic carbon by microorganisms. The rise in temperature, accompanied by an increase in CO？ concentration, is conducive to plant growth, enhancing plant photosynthesis and increasing the input of organic carbon into the soil. Under the action of microorganisms, these exogenous organic carbons are transformed into stable carbon sources, which can directly boost the respiratory activity of microorganisms. The proportion of fungi in soil microorganisms decreases while that of bacteria rises, having an adverse effect on soil carbon pool storage. Plant Functional Groups (BFGs) promote the release of the soil labile organic carbon pool and increase the carbon mineralization rate of soil microorganisms. When evaluating the response of the multifunctionality of agroecosystems (EMF), it is necessary to consider not only microbial diversity but also their interactions. This is of great significance for predicting changes in ecosystem functions under future climate change scenarios. By exploring the relationship among climate, microorganisms, and SOC from multiple perspectives, it is conducive to giving full play to the soil carbon sink effect against the
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