社会工作参与社区儿童公益托管服务的功能及路径发展研究——基于B社区“暖心课堂”实践
The Function and Path Development of Social Work in Community-Based Children’s Public After-School Care Services—Based on the Practice of B Community’s “Warm Heart Classroom”

本研究聚焦于B社区的“暖心课堂”项目为案例，将埃里克森人格发展理论、社会生态系统理论作为理论框架，运用参与观察法和访谈法，探讨社会工作在社区儿童公益托管服务中的功能及发展路径。通过对“暖心课堂”项目的现状分析，揭示了社会工作在提升儿童教育质量、支持家庭环境建设及动员社区资源方面的多重功能。具体来说，社会工作在儿童层面通过个性化辅导促进学业和心理发展；在家庭层面，推动家长参与并提供教育支持；在社区层面，整合社区资源，形成良好的教育生态。然而，社会工作在实践中也面临资源支持不足、专业人才缺乏、家长参与度低以及社会认知偏差等障碍。为此，本文提出了优化路径：多元化资金筹措、加强社会工作人才培养、提高家长参与度并完善家庭支持服务、提升社会对儿童托管服务的认知与支持。总之，社会工作在社区儿童公益托管服务中发挥着重要作用，未来应加强各方面的支持，以推动服务的可持续发展。
This study focuses on the “Warm Heart Classroom” project in B Community as a case study, employing Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development and the social ecosystem theory as the theoretical framework. Utilizing participant observation and interview methods, it explores the functions and development pathways of social work in community-based public welfare childcare services. Through an analysis of the current status of the “Warm Heart Classroom” project, the study reveals the multiple roles of social work in improving children’s educational quality, supporting family environments, and mobilizing community resources. Specifically, at the child level, social work promotes academic and psychological development through personalized guidance; at the family level, it encourages parental involvement and provides educational support; and at the community level, it integrates community resources to create a positive educational ecosystem. However, social work in practice faces challenges such as insufficient resource support, a lack of professional talent, low parental involvement, and social misconceptions. To address these issues, this paper proposes optimization strategies: diversifying funding sources, strengthening social work talent development, increasing parental participation and improving family support services, and enhancing social awareness and support for children’s care services. In conclusion, social work plays a vital role in community-based children’s public after-school care services, and future efforts should focus on strengthening support in all areas to promote the sustainable development of these services.