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氯胺酮：从合成到管制
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Abstract:
20世纪50年代，因缺少稳定的镇静类药物，药学家将注意力集中到了苯环己哌啶，随着新型苯环己哌啶类药物不断开发，氯胺酮最终诞生并应用于麻醉等临床治疗。由于当时其具有一定的安全性与稳定性，很快获得美国政府的批准，被大规模投入各方面的使用，但随着被引入其他国家，氯胺酮对人体产生不良反应逐渐造成社会性影响，从而被各个国家列为管制类药物。本文从氯胺酮的合成历史、药理作用、药代动力学特性和滥用情况，详细地总结了氯胺酮的前世今生。
In the 1950s, due to the lack of stable sedatives, pharmacists focused their attention on phencyclidine. With the continuous development of new phencyclidine drugs, ketamine was eventually born and applied in clinical treatments such as anesthesia. Due to its certain safety and stability at the time, ketamine quickly obtained approval from the US government and was widely used in various fields. However, as it was introduced into other countries, ketamine gradually caused adverse reactions to the human body and had social impacts, thus being listed as a controlled drug in various countries. This article provides a detailed summary of the history of ketamine synthesis, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetic properties, and abuse.
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