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跨期决策外语效应研究进展与未来研究构想
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Abstract:
使用第二语言进行道德、风险等领域的决策会影响甚至改变决策的偏好。但在跨期决策领域，现有的两个实证研究并未发现可靠的外语效应。跨期决策是一种复杂的决策形式，需要兼顾时间与结果维度，决策的形式，决策者的特征等都会影响决策结果。仅基于有限的语言组合以及金钱问卷等并未发现外语效应并不能代表跨期决策外语效应的全貌。跨期决策的外语效应，会受到跨期决策内容、形式等因素的影响，同时，第二语言的语言类型以及相关的语言变量也可能对决策偏好产生影响。本研究从外语效应与心理机制、跨期决策研究进展、外语效应跨期决策现状述评与未来研究构想三个方面展开论述。尤其针对未来研究方面，本研究认为未来研究需要采用多种手段系统地探讨不同类型、不同领域的跨期决策，也需要进一步探明语言类变量的作用，深化对决策内在机制的认知。
Presenting in a second language was proved to affect the decision-making in moral and risk domains, and even alter decision preferences. However, in the field of inter-temporal decision-making, the two existing empirical studies have not found a reliable foreign language effect. Inter-temporal decision-making is a complex form of decision-making that requires consideration of both temporal and outcome dimensions; the form of the decisions and characteristics of the decision-maker can influence the outcome. The absence of a foreign language effect based on limited language combinations and monetary questionnaires does not represent the full picture of the foreign language effect in inter-temporal decision-making. The foreign language effect in inter-temporal decision-making is influenced by the content and form of inter-temporal decisions, and at the same time, the type of second language and related linguistic variables may also impact decision preferences. This study discusses the foreign language effect and psychological mechanisms, the progress of inter-temporal decision-making research, and a review and future research ideas on the current studies of the foreign language effect in inter-temporal decision-making from three aspects. Particularly regarding future research, it is necessary to systematically explore different types and fields of inter-temporal decision-making using various methods, and further clarify the role of linguistic variables to deepen the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of decision-making.
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