脱硫脱碳装置中腐蚀现象分析及防控对策
Analysis of Corrosion Phenomena and Prevention and Control Measures in Desulfurization and Decarburization Devices

在脱碳装置中，吸收塔是实现吸收CO₂的主要操作设备。某企业脱碳装置在长期使用过程中，受合成气夹带杂质气体、粉尘沉积等不断累积影响，造成吸收液品质下降，导致CO₂脱除不达标，同时MDEA溶液的损失也非常大，影响整个系统的运行。本文通过采用红外光谱、气质联用定性分析、酸度分析及X荧光分析等方法对吸收液进行了测试，分析了失效胺液的组成，确定了造成脱碳装置腐蚀的原因，为提出腐蚀防控对策提供了基础。结果表明，飞灰固体颗粒沉积物、煤气化合成气粉尘的垢下腐蚀、热稳盐及MDEA的分解是造成设备腐蚀的主要因素。
In decarburization units, the absorption tower is the main operating equipment to achieve CO₂ absorption. In the process of long-term use, the decarburization device of an enterprise is affected by the continuous accumulation of impurity gas and dust deposition carried by syngas, resulting in the deterioration of the absorbent liquid, resulting in the failure of CO₂ removal, and the loss of MDEA solution is also very large, which affects the operation of the whole system. In this paper, infrared spectroscopy, qualitative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCM) qualitative analysis, acidity analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis were used to test the absorption solution, analyze the composition of the failed amine solution, determine the cause of corrosion of the decarburization device, and provide a basis for proposing corrosion prevention and control measures. The results show that fly ash solid particle sediment, underscale corrosion of coal gasification syngas dust, decomposition of heat-stabilized salts and MDEA are the main factors causing equipment corrosion.