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Material Sciences 2025
钠离子电池硬碳负极材料的改性研究
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Abstract:
由于锂资源储量的短缺和价格上涨的压力，钠离子电池重新受到公众的关注，并在电网储能和低速车辆领域显示出巨大的应用潜力，以达到与锂离子电池互补的目的。对于钠离子电池的负极材料，硬碳是最有可能商业化使用的材料。然而，在其商业化之前还有很多工作要做。本文首先介绍了硬碳的定义和微观结构。根据钠在硬碳中的储存机理，将其大致分为“插入–填充”、“吸附–插入”、“吸附–填充”和“多级”四种模式。最后，从提高硬碳电化学性能的角度，对近年来提出的性能改进策略进行了总结。基于目前的认识，本文从比容量、库伦效率、倍率性能和循环稳定性四个方面总结了硬碳性能增强策略。
Due to the shortage of lithium resource reserves and the pressure of rising prices, sodium-ion batteries have regained public attention and have shown great application potential in the field of grid energy storage and low-speed vehicles to achieve the purpose of complementing lithium-ion batteries. For the anode material of sodium-ion batteries, hard carbon is the most likely material for commercial use. However, there is still a lot of work to be done before it can be commercialized. This article first introduces the definition and microstructure of hard carbon. According to the storage mechanism of sodium in hard carbon, it can be roughly divided into four modes: “insertion-filling”, “adsorption-insertion”, “adsorption-filling” and “multi-stage”. Finally, from the perspective of improving the electrochemical performance of hard carbon, the performance improvement strategies proposed in recent years are summarized. Based on the current understanding, this paper summarizes the hard carbon performance enhancement strategies from four aspects: specific capacity, coulombic efficiency, rate performance and cycle stability.
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