基于形状记忆开关的多功能充电宝及其低温充放电性能研究
Low Temperature Charge-Discharge Study of Multi-Functional Portable Charger Based on Shape Memory Switch

锂离子电池是目前应用最广的二次电池，但锂电池的低温充放电性能还不能满足市场化应用。本文利用形状记忆温控开关，设计能够主动闭合、断开的锂离子电池低温加热管理系统；在此基础上，本文搭建了既能给手机电池充电又能给手机电池加热的多功能充电宝。本文设计搭建的多功能充电宝主要由壳体、电池组件、形状记忆合金上触头、形状记忆合金下触头、底座、低温加热接口、USB输出接口、充电接口、开关按钮、加热片等组成，可在低温环境下通过开关按钮控制将手机数据线接入充电宝USB输出接口完成充电功能。低温充放电性能测试表明，低温加热环境下锂电池循环寿命为1000小时，是未加热条件下锂电池的10倍。本文设计搭建的多功能充电宝将为深海、极地以及高纬度极寒地区锂电池的商业化应用提供很好的借鉴。
Lithium-ion batteries are the most widely used secondary batteries, but the low-temperature charging and discharging performance of lithium batteries cannot meet the market application requirements. In this paper, a lithium-ion battery low-temperature heating management system with an active closing and opening function is designed using shape memory alloy temperature control switches. Based on this, a multi-functional portable charger that can both charge and heat the mobile phone battery is built. The multi-functional portable charger designed and built in this paper mainly consists of a shell, a battery component, a shape memory alloy upper contact, a shape memory alloy lower contact, a base, a low-temperature heating interface, a USB output interface, a charging interface, a switch button, a heating sheet, etc. It can complete the charging function by connecting the mobile phone data line to the USB output interface of the portable charger through the switch button in the low-temperature environment. The low-temperature charging and discharging performance test shows that the lithium battery cycle life is 1000 hours in the low-temperature heating environment, which is 10 times that of the lithium battery in the unheated condition. The multi-functional portable charger designed and built in this paper will provide a good reference for the commercialization application of lithium batteries in deep sea, polar regions and high-latitude extremely cold areas.