Existing leadership theories often fail to address the complexity and uncertainty of today’s volatile environments, reducing leadership to fixed traits, prescriptive styles, or simple cause-and-effect models. This study challenges these paradigms by integrating critical realism with quantum principles, creating a framework that reflects the multifaceted demands of modern leadership. The proposed model views leadership as a multi-layered, adaptive process where past experiences, present conditions, and future possibilities interact continuously. By incorporating quantum concepts like superposition, entanglement, and subjective probabilities, this framework redefines leadership as dynamic and relational, enabling leaders to balance conflicting demands and adapt decisions in real time. This probabilistic approach shifts away from rigid, deterministic models, empowering leaders to operate with resilience in complex, ambiguous contexts. For research, this synthesis provides new opportunities to explore hidden social, psychological, and cultural mechanisms that shape leadership. Beyond observable metrics, it emphasizes the deeper forces underlying leadership dynamics, inviting interdisciplinary studies across physics, psychology, and organizational behavior. For practitioners, retroductive inference fosters an approach that integrates theoretical insights with practical tools, enabling leaders to uncover root causes, analyze patterns, and refine strategies through counterfactual thinking. By addressing underlying mechanisms rather than surface symptoms, it empowers leaders to make informed and decisive choices in complex, dynamic contexts.
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