As an important component of the global carbon cycle, forest soil organic carbon has a crucial impact on the stability of ecosystems and climate change. As one of the largest carbon pools in terrestrial ecosystems, the organic carbon stock in forest soils is of great significance for climate change and the health of forest ecosystems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of forest soil organic carbon, discussing its research progress, role, influencing factors, and future trends, with the aim of providing scientific evidence for forest soil carbon management to mitigate global climate change and promote the sustainable development of forest ecosystems.
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