汉语把字句与被字句神经认知加工比较研究
A Comparative Study of Neuro-Cognitive Processing in Chinese Ba-Construction and Bei-Construction Sentences

作为汉语中两个核心的典型特殊句法形式，把字句和被字句的研究从属于句子加工研究。本文以句子加工的认知神经机制模型为基础，利用E-Prime软件设计了以陈述句为参照句的把字句和被字句加工的实验程序。图像结果显示，100~200 ms窗口，三种句型中“把”“被”和名词诱发的脑电数据都未显示出有效的ELAN效应，而动词诱发的脑电数据在刺激呈现的早期出现了较小的负波。300~500 ms时间窗，被字句中动词刺激诱发的脑电信号在400 ms处有部分电极出现负波。500~800 ms时间窗，把字句中的名词刺激诱发的脑电信号在600 ms时间处出现了较大的正波，波幅远大于被字句中名词的P600波幅。研究结果表明，与陈述句相比，把字句和被字句的神经认知加工更为复杂，涉及到更多的脑区处理加工，并且把字句中“把”这个介词的语义作用对象为名词而被字句中“被”的语义作用对象为动词。
As two core typical special syntactic forms in Chinese, the study of Ba-construction sentences and Bei-construction sentences is subordinate to the study of sentence processing. In this article, based on the cognitive neural mechanism model of sentence processing, it designed an experimental program for processing Ba-construction sentences and Bei-construction sentences with declarative sentences as reference sentences using E-Prime software. The ERP results showed that in the 100~200 ms window, the EEG data evoked by “Ba”, “Bei” and nouns in all three sentence types did not show an effective ELAN effect, while the EEG data evoked by verbs showed a small negative wave in the early stage of stimulus presentation. In the 300~500 ms time window, the EEG signals evoked by the verb stimuli in the worded sentences showed negative waves at some electrodes at 400 ms. In the 500~800 ms time window, the EEG signals evoked by the noun stimuli in the worded sentences showed a larger positive wave at 600 ms, with an amplitude that was much larger than the P600 amplitude of the nouns in the worded sentences. The results of this study indicate that the neuro-cognitive processing of Ba and Bei sentences is more complex than that of declarative sentences, involving more brain regions, and that the semantic target of the preposition “Ba” in Ba-construction sentences is a noun, whereas the semantic target of “Bei” in Bei-construction sentences is a verb.