柏拉图与亚里士多德本体论的比较
A Comparison of Plato’s and Aristotle’s Ontology

柏拉图与亚里士多德是西方古典哲学的集大成者，他们二人在本体论的设想上存在着区别。柏拉图关注点在于“天”，认为存在着恒定不变、完美无缺的“理念世界”；亚里士多德关注点在“地”，认为我们身处其中的现实世界才是真正的存在。两者的本体论观点不仅是个人哲学观点的碰撞，也是西方哲学发展的重要转折点，对后世哲学家产生了深远影响。本文在阐明柏拉图与亚里士多德本体论思想的基础上，通过对比分析两者思想的异同，进而作为探赜西方哲学转向的切入口。
Plato and Aristotle are the epitomes of Western classical philosophy, and there is a difference in their ontological assumptions. Plato’s focus was on the “heavens”, believing that there is a “world of ideas” that is constant and perfect; Aristotle’s focus was on the “earth” and believed that the real world in which we live is the real being. The ontological perspectives of the two are not only the collision of personal philosophical views, but also an important turning point in the development of Western philosophy, which has had a profound impact on later philosophers. On the basis of clarifying the ontological ideas of Plato and Aristotle, this paper compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between the two ideas, and then serves as an entry point to explore the turn of Western philosophy.