哈尔滨地区生境质量与景观格局的时空演变及空间关联分析
Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Spatial Correlation Analysis of Habitat Quality and Landscape Pattern in Harbin Region

近年来城市化快速推进，致使景观破碎、生境质量下降，然而哈尔滨地区却在经济发展与生态保护并行方面表现出色。为探究土地利用类型变化背景下景观格局与生境质量的时空演变及空间关联，为城市经济和生态环境高质量同步发展提供决策依据，本研究以哈尔滨地区为对象，运用2000年、2010年、2020年哈尔滨地区的土地利用类型数据，运用FRAGSTATS软件、InVEST模型以及空间自相关和热点分析方法，对哈尔滨地区的景观格局和生境质量状况进行量化评估，剖析其时空演变特征和空间关联情况，结合该地区生境质量与景观格局的空间分布，最终确定各类景观格局指数对生境质量的最优参考阈值区间。结论：1) 林地、耕地是哈尔滨地区主要土地利用类型，2000~2020年，林地、建设用地和未利用土地转入面积较多，建设用地与林地扩张时优先占用耕地。2) 哈尔滨地区生境质量呈“西部低，东部高”的空间分布特征，2000~2020年间整体有所提高，呈协同进步的时空动态特征。3) 哈尔滨地区景观格局在2000~2020年间较稳定，景观格局指数与生境质量有相关性，在3 km × 3 km格网尺度下，哈尔滨地区各景观格局指数的最优参考阈值区间为：CONTAG值不超过39.1，LPI值大于70.5%，PD控制在[0, 10.07]个/km²内，SHDI指数小于0.68，LSI指数控制在[1, 1.61]，在此区间内，所有地类生境质量可保持生境质量理想状态。研究结果可为其他区域的生态环境管理提供参考。
In recent years, the rapid progress of urbanization has led to landscape fragmentation and a decline in habitat quality. However, the Harbin region has performed outstandingly in the parallel development of economic growth and ecological protection. To explore the spatio-temporal evolution and spatial correlation of the landscape pattern and habitat quality under the background of changes in land use types and provide a decision-making basis for the high-quality synchronous development of the urban economy and ecological environment, this study takes the Harbin region as the object. Using the land use type data of the Harbin region in 2000, 2010, and 2020, and applying the FRAGSTATS software, the InVEST model, as well as spatial autocorrelation and hot spot analysis methods, a quantitative assessment was conducted on the landscape pattern and habitat quality status in the Harbin region. Its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and spatial correlation situations were analyzed. Combining the spatial distribution of habitat quality and landscape pattern in this region, the optimal reference threshold intervals of various landscape pattern indices for habitat quality were finally determined. Conclusions: 1) Woodland and cultivated land are the main land use types in the Harbin region. From 2000 to 2020, there was a relatively large area of transfer-in for woodland, construction land, and unused land. When construction land and woodland expanded, cultivated land was preferentially occupied. 2) The habitat quality in the Harbin region shows a spatial distribution characteristic of being “low in the west and high in the east”. Overall, it has improved from 2000 to 2020, presenting a spatio-temporal dynamic