Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 threats to global health and it is estimated around 10 millions of deaths per year are associated with AMR until 2050. Burkina Faso is also facing the emergence and spread of AMR of several bacteria resistant strains such as those of public health concerns under surveillance Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) clinical isolates from patients attending the bacteriology laboratory of the Centre MURAZ in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Clinical isolates from urine, pus, stool, and semen were collected from April to June 2017. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK 2 compact automated system according to EUCAST version 2015 recommendations. ESBL detection was then performed on the Muller-Hinton medium using the combined disc method. One hundred (100) strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 100 patients, including 52% of ESBLS. Escherichia coli (E.coli) was the most commonly isolated ESBL [(84.62, 44/72) ESBL], followed by Klebsiellaspp. [(40%, 06/15) ESBL], then Enterobacterspp. [(40%, 2/5) ESBL]. Risk factor analysis revealed that ESBL-PE infection was frequently found in pus samples (P = 0.042; [OR] = 3.16; 95% [CI] = 1.04 - 9.61) and that E.coli was the strain most likely to harbour ESBL (P = 0.008; [OR] = 3.60; 95% [CI] = 1.40 - 9.31). This study reports a high prevalence of ESBL-PE associated with strong resistance to quinolones and cotrimoxazole (over 80%), which calls for increased surveillance of these superbugs, the adoption of a rational antibiotic prescription policy, and rigorous hygiene measures to prevent the spread of these multi-resistant bacteria.
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