Sleep health literacy encompasses the knowledge, motivation, and skills required to promote healthy sleep and recognize sleep disorders. In Japan, sleep-related issues are a significant contributor to prolonged student absenteeism, underscoring the urgent need to address these challenges within school health programs. This review explores the historical evolution of Japan’s perspectives on sleep, shedding light on misconceptions rooted in Neo-Confucianism (Shushigaku), such as the notion of “sacrificing sleep for achievement”. While the 2018 Work Style Reform Act has introduced measures to ensure workplace rest, similar initiatives for students remain absent, perpetuating a culture of sleep deprivation. Misunderstandings surrounding adolescent sleep patterns, chronotypes, and sleep-related health factors are addressed. The review concludes by proposing seven core principles for advancing sleep health literacy: 1) Exposure to morning light; 2) Engagement in daytime physical activity; 3) Resting in darkness at night; 4) Consuming breakfast and avoiding late-night meals; 5) Maintaining regular elimination; 6) Minimizing stimulants and excessive media use; 7) Respecting pre-sleep rituals. Enhancing sleep health literacy, particularly within educational settings, is vital for tackling adolescent sleep challenges and fostering long-term well-being. School health professionals must take the lead in driving this transformative initiative.
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