Objective: The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) theory was used to assess the health quality of elderly residents in Southwest China. This was done by using the European Five-Dimensional Health Scale in a comprehensive manner and by analysing the factors influencing it. The findings will provide new perspectives and ideas for improving the health-related quality of life of the elderly population and enhancing the precise health management of elderly residents. Methods: The response data of 1892 elderly residents in southwestern China were included in the analysis based on the CLHLS data. The factors influencing the occurrence of problems, EQ-VAS scores and health utility values were analysed by logistic regression, multiple linear regression and Tobit regression, respectively. Results: The primary health concerns among the elderly population in the Southwest region were limited ability to perform daily activities and pain or discomfort. These individuals exhibited an EQ-VAS self-assessment score of 66.51 ± 14.87 and a health utility value of 0.87 (0.70, 1.00). Gender, age, regular medical check-ups, exercise habits and the prevalence of chronic diseases are the main influencing factors. Conclusions: The health quality of elderly people in Southwest China needs to be improved, and a comprehensive management strategy can be adopted in terms of lifestyle management, health needs management and disease management to improve the quality of their healthy lives and promote the development of healthy ageing.
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