In this paper, we proposed an output voltage stabilization of a DC-DC Zeta converter using hybrid control. We modeled the Zeta converter under continuous conduction mode operation. We derived a switching control law that brings the output voltage to the desired level. Due to infinite switching occurring at the desired level, we enhanced the switching control law by allowing a sizeable output voltage ripple. We derived mathematical models that allow one to choose the desired switching frequency. In practice, the existence of the non-ideal properties of the Zeta converter results in steady-state output voltage error. By analyzing the power loss in the zeta converter, we proposed an improved switching control law that eliminates the steady-state output voltage error. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated with simulation results.
References
[1]
Alvarez-Ramirez, J., Cervantes, I., Espinosa-Perez, G., Maya, P. and Morales, A. (2001) A Stable Design of PI Control for DC-DC Converters with an RHS Zero. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 48, 103-106. https://doi.org/10.1109/81.903192
[2]
Vuthchhay, E. and Bunlaksananusorn, C. (2010) Modeling and Control of a Zeta Converter. The 2010 International Power Electronics Conference, Sapporo, 21-24 June 2010, 612-619. https://doi.org/10.1109/ipec.2010.5543332
[3]
Chen, Z. (2012) PI and Sliding Mode Control of a Cuk Converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 27, 3695-3703. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2012.2183891
[4]
Garg, M.M., Hote, Y.V. and Pathak, M.K. (2015) PI Controller Design of a DC-DC Zeta Converter for Specific Phase Margin and Cross-Over Frequency. 2015 10th Asian Control Conference (ASCC), Kota Kinabalu, 31 May-3 June 2015, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ascc.2015.7244716
[5]
Nguyen, H., Maksimovic, D. and Zane, R. (2013) On/Off Control of a Modular DC-DC Converter Based on Active-Clamp LLC Modules. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30, 3748-3760. https://doi.org/10.1109/compel.2013.6626413
[6]
H. Sarkawi and Y. Ohta (2016) Optimal state-feedback and Proportional-Integral Controller Performance Comparison for Dc-dc Zeta Converter Operating in Con-tinuous Conduction Mode. in Proc. SICE Annual Conf., 448-451.
[7]
Sarkawi, H., Jali, M.H., Izzuddin, T.A. and Dahari, M. (2013) Dynamic Model of Zeta Converter with Full-State Feedback Controller Implementation. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2, 34-43. https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0208005
[8]
Olalla, C., Leyva, R., El Aroudi, A. and Queinnec, I. (2009) Robust LQR Control for PWM Converters: An LMI Approach. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 56, 2548-2558. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2017556
[9]
Olalla, C., Queinnec, I., Leyva, R. and El Aroudi, A. (2012) Optimal State-Feedback Control of Bilinear DC-DC Converters with Guaranteed Regions of Stability. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 59, 3868-3880. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2162713
[10]
Sarkawi, H. and Ohta, Y. (2017) Comparison of Conventional LQR and LMI based LQR Controller Performance on the DC-DC Zeta Converter with Parameters Un-certainty. The 4th Multi-Symposium Control System, Okayama, 6-9 March 2017, 642-647.
[11]
Sarkawi, H. and Ohta, Y. (2018) Uncertain DC-DC Zeta Converter Control in Convex Polytope Model Based on LMI Approach. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 9, 829-838. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp829-838
[12]
Olalla, C., Leyva, R., Queinnec, I. and Maksimovic, D. (2012) Robust Gain-Scheduled Control of Switched-Mode DC-DC Converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 27, 3006-3019. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2011.2178271
[13]
Tan, S., Lai, Y.M., Tse, C.K., Martinez-Salamero, L. and Wu, C. (2007) A Fast-Response Sliding-Mode Controller for Boost-Type Converters with a Wide Range of Operating Conditions. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 54, 3276-3286. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2007.905969
[14]
Guldemir, H. (2011) Study of Sliding Mode Control of DC-DC Buck Converter. Energy and Power Engineering, 3, 401-406. https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2011.34051
[15]
Khasawneh, B., Sabra, M. and Zohdy, M.A. (2014) Paralleled DC-DC Power Converters Sliding Mode Control with Dual Stages Design. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 2, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2014.22001
[16]
Elkhateb, A., Rahim, N.A., Selvaraj, J. and Uddin, M.N. (2014) Fuzzy-Logic-Controller-Based SEPIC Converter for Maximum Power Point Tracking. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50, 2349-2358. https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2014.2298558
[17]
Anand, R. and Mary, P.M. (2016) Improved Dynamic Response of DC to DC Converter Using Hybrid PSO Tuned Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller. Circuits and Systems, 7, 946-955. https://doi.org/10.4236/cs.2016.76080
[18]
Cheng, Y., Du, H., Yang, C., Wang, Z., Wang, J. and He, Y. (2017) Fast Adaptive Finite-Time Voltage Regulation Control Algorithm for a Buck Converter System. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 64, 1082-1086. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2016.2641924
[19]
Alqudah, A., Malkawi, A. and Alwadie, A. (2014) Adaptive Control of DC-DC Converter Using Simulated Annealing Optimization Method. Journal of Signal and Information Processing, 5, 198-207. https://doi.org/10.4236/jsip.2014.54021
[20]
Cheng, K., Hsu, C., Lin, C., Lee, T. and Li, C. (2007) Fuzzy-Neural Sliding-Mode Control for DC-DC Converters Using Asymmetric Gaussian Membership Functions. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 54, 1528-1536. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2007.894717
[21]
Wai, R. and Shih, L. (2012) Adaptive Fuzzy-Neural-Network Design for Voltage Tracking Control of a DC-DC Boost Converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 27, 2104-2115. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2011.2169685
[22]
Sreekumar, C. and Agarwal, V. (2007) Hybrid Control Approach for the Output Voltage Regulation in Buck Type DC-DC Converter. IET Electric Power Applications, 1, 897-906. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa:20070043
[23]
Sreekumar, C. and Agarwal, V. (2008) A Hybrid Control Algorithm for Voltage Regulation in DC-DC Boost Converter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 55, 2530-2538. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.918640
[24]
Sreekumar, C. and Agarwal, V. (2006) Hybrid Control of a Boost Converter Operating in Discontinuous Current Mode. 2006 37th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Jeju, 18-22 June 2006, 255-260. https://doi.org/10.1109/pesc.2006.1711772
[25]
Ma, H.B. and Feng, Q.Y. (2009) Hybrid Modeling and Control for Buck-Boost Switching Converters. 2009 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, Milpitas, 23-25 July 2009, 678-682. https://doi.org/10.1109/icccas.2009.5250410
[26]
Theunisse, T.A.F., Chai, J., Sanfelice, R.G. and Heemels, W.P.M.H. (2013) Hybrid Control of the Boost Converter: Robust Global Stabilization. 52nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Firenze, 10-13 December 2013, 3635-3640. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2013.6760442
[27]
Theunisse, T.A.F., Chai, J., Sanfelice, R.G. and Heemels, W.P.M.H. (2015) Robust Global Stabilization of the DC-DC Boost Converter via Hybrid Control. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 62, 1052-1061. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2015.2413154
[28]
Sarkawi, H. and Ohta, Y. (2019) The DC-DC Zeta Converter Hybrid Control Operating in Discontinuous Conduction Mode. 2019 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA), Hong Kong, 19-21 August 2019, 112-117. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta.2019.8920515
[29]
Sarkawi, H., Ohta, Y. and Rapisarda, P. (2021) On the Switching Control of the DC-DC Zeta Converter Operating in Continuous Conduction Mode. IET Control Theory & Applications, 15, 1185-1198. https://doi.org/10.1049/cth2.12115
[30]
https://www.vishay.com/docs/91019/irf530.pdf
[31]
To Be Discontinued, Discontinued, Not Recommended and Obsolete. https://www.murata-ps.com/data/magnetics/kmp_1400.pdf
[32]
Power Schottky Rectifier. https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stps10l60c.pdf
Souamy, R.M.D.L., Mimiesse, M.G., Yombi, B.L.N., Jiang, G., Hua, W., et al. (2024) Analysis of Maximum Powerpoint Tracking (MPPT) Adaptability in Inverters of the Three-Phase Photovoltaic Systems Integrated into the Electrical Grid of Congo-Brazzaville. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 12, 125-152. https://doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2024.1211008