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社会排斥的实验研究：传统与网络范式的优势与适用性
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Abstract:
近45年来，社会排斥现象一直受到社会学者、心理学者的深入关注。作为一种普遍存在的社会现象，社会排斥阻碍个体基本关系需求的满足，对被排斥者的认知、情绪产生强烈的消极影响；甚至可能严重损害个体的身心健康、导致外化的行为问题等。目前，社会排斥领域已有较为成熟的实验范式，其中常见的经典范式主要包括网络掷球范式、相互认识方式和回忆范式。近年来，互联网的高速发展，为社会排斥现象提供了新的媒介与作用范围。因此，心理学者开发了一种新型的、基于网络社交平台的网络社会排斥范式，以提高研究网络社会排斥现象的生态效应。总体而言，传统社会排斥范式已广泛应用于相关研究，并被证明具有较高的可靠性和有效性；与之相比，新型的网络排斥范式能够更精准地再现互联网社交环境中的排斥现象。二者各有其独特优势，研究者可根据研究问题与需求选择适合的范式，或结合多种范式开展实验，以更全面探究社会排斥现象。
Over the past 45 years, the phenomenon of ostracism has received in-depth attention from sociologists and psychologists. As a widespread social phenomenon, ostracism prevents individuals from satisfying their basic relational needs and has a strong negative impact on the cognition and emotions of the excluded; it may even seriously damage the physical and mental health of individuals and lead to externalized behavioral problems. At present, there are relatively mature experimental paradigms in the field of ostracism, among which the common classical paradigms mainly include the network ball tossing paradigm, the mutual acquaintance approach, and the reminiscence paradigm. In recent years, the rapid development of the Internet has provided a new medium and scope of action for the phenomenon of ostracism. Therefore, psychologists have developed a novel, online ostracism paradigm based on online social platforms to improve the ecological effects of studying online ostracism phenomena. Overall, the traditional ostracism paradigm has been widely used in related research and has been proven to have high reliability and validity; in contrast, the novel network exclusion paradigm is able to more accurately reproduce exclusion phenomena in the Internet social environment. Both paradigms have their unique advantages, and researchers can choose the appropriate paradigm according to the research questions and needs, or combine multiple paradigms to conduct experiments in order to explore the ostracism phenomenon in a more comprehensive way.
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