企业数据权益的竞争法保护困境及建议
Dilemmas and Suggestions on the Protection of Corporate Data Rights under Competition Law

数字经济背景下，数据作为新兴的生产要素，已经成为企业的核心竞争优势。企业间利用数据进行不正当竞争的行为日益增多，无疑对既有的市场竞争秩序带来了一定的挑战，亟待采取措施加以规制。现今，数据权属问题尚存模糊地带，相较于合同法、侵权法的保护，通过完善反不正当竞争法中一般条款和互联网专条的行为规制路径，更有利于规制企业数据不正当竞争行为。同时，对数据实施类型化保护，进行个案化判断，平衡好市场竞争秩序、消费者利益、经营者利益，注重维护企业数据权益，确保市场公平竞争的持续运行。
In the context of the digital economy, data, as an emerging production factor, has become the core competitive advantage of enterprises. The increasing number of unfair competition behaviors among enterprises using data undoubtedly poses certain challenges to the existing market competition order, and measures need to be taken urgently to regulate them. Currently, there are still ambiguities surrounding data ownership. Compared to the protection provided by contract law and tort law, improving the general clauses and internet-specific provisions in the anti-unfair competition law to regulate behaviors is more conducive to regulating unfair competition behaviors related to corporate data. At the same time, implementing typed protection for data, conducting case-by-case judgments, balancing market competition order, consumer interests, and operator interests, and focusing on safeguarding corporate data rights and interests will ensure the continuous operation of fair market competition.