论危害野生动物犯罪中的“不知法”抗辩
On the “Ignorance of the Law” Defense in Crimes Endangering Wildlife

保护野生动物是维护生态环境、保护生物多样性的重要内容。我国刑法对保护野生动物资源发挥了积极作用，但也存在力有不逮之处，最典型的就是危害野生动物犯罪中的“不知法”抗辩问题。通过实证研究发现，我国司法机关囿于法律规范、法官认知以及判断方法等方面的因素，在认定危害野生动物犯罪中的“不知法”抗辩存在认定标准不一、对象界定范围不清以及阻却犯罪故意不明的系列困境。针对危害野生动物犯罪中的“不知法”抗辩，应当坚持保护野生动物资源的基本方针，建立以“不知法，不免责”为常态、“不知法，免责”为例外的司法认定体系，从而实现保护野生动物与保障人权的科学平衡。
Protecting wildlife is an important part of maintaining the ecological environment and protecting biodiversity. Chinese Criminal Law has played a positive role in protecting wildlife resources, but it also has its shortcomings. The most typical example is the “ignorance of the law” defense in crimes endangering wildlife. Through empirical research, it is found that Chinese Judicial Organs are limited by factors such as legal norms, judges’ cognition and judgment methods. In the identification of “ignorance of the law” defense in crimes endangering wildlife, there are a series of dilemmas such as inconsistent identification standards, unclear scope of object definition, and whether it prevents criminal intent. In response to the “ignorance of the law” defense in crimes endangering wildlife. The only way to achieve a scientific balance between protecting wildlife and ensuring human rights is to adhere to the basic policy of prioritizing the protection of wildlife and establish a judicial recognition system in which “ignorance of the law, no exemption from liability” is the norm and “ignorance of the law, exemption from liability” is the exception.