刑事初查阶段大数据侦查的法律规制研究
Research on the Legal Regulation of Big Data Investigations in the Preliminary Criminal Investigation Stage

大数据侦查作为一种新型侦查措施，于目前刑事初查阶段实务中得到了广泛的应用，使得侦查机关立案效率大幅提升，但同时大数据侦查的具体法律属性模糊，其是属于任意性侦查还是强制性侦查的区分与界定不清楚，导致大数据侦查在刑事初查阶段的运用还存在着许多诸如启动条件不明等问题，为了针对已存问题对刑事初查阶段的大数据侦查进行有效的法律规制，可以将大数据侦查依据其数据来源的类型与获取过程对公民重要权益的限制程度分为完全不涉及重要权利、部分涉及重要权利以及绝对侵犯重要权利的大数据侦查措施，并规定其于初查阶段对应的启动条件；其他法律规制方法还有构建初查阶段大数据侦查的正当程序以及完善对大数据的合法性审查等。
As a new type of investigations measure, big data investigations has been widely used in the current practice of the preliminary criminal investigations stage, which greatly improves the case filing efficiency of the investigations organs, but at the same time, the specific legal attributes of big data investigations are vague, and the distinction and definition of whether it is an arbitrary investigations or a mandatory investigations are not clear, resulting in many problems such as unclear initiation conditions in the application of big data investigations in the preliminary criminal investigations stage. Based on the type of data source and the degree of restriction on citizens’ important rights and interests in the process of acquisition, big data investigations can be divided into big data investigations measures that do not involve important rights at all, partially involve important rights, and absolutely infringe on important rights, and stipulate the corresponding conditions for initiation in the preliminary investigations stage; Other legal regulatory methods include the establishment of due process for big data investigations in the preliminary investigations stage and the improvement of the legality review of big data.