《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》中的“人的解放”思想探析
An Analysis of the Concept of “Human Emancipation” in The Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right

德国问题的核心是德国的核心问题，不单是德国的问题。最底层的解放，才是彻底的解放，而不是局部意义上的改良。要想要使人们真正地改变现实，就需要把人们从旧的封建制度中拉回现实，因此马克思对德国的制度进行批判。这种批判是想使人能够更加关注自身，而不是停留于旧社会的幻想。马克思批判了德国的现实，并阐述了无产阶级的历史使命，为德国的解放指明了方向。德国的核心问题不应是对现实的批判，也不是对制度的批判，而是对哲学的批判。本文以德国现实为切入点，从“人的解放”的基础条件、精神动力及根本途径三个维度，探讨马克思在《导言》一文中关于实现“人的解放”的理论阐述。
The core issue of the German question is not merely a problem specific to Germany. It lies not in the critique of the current reality or the critique of institutions, but rather in the critique of philosophy. The most fundamental form of liberation is total liberation, not reform in a partial sense. To truly bring about a change in reality, it is necessary to pull people away from the old feudal system and confront the present. This is why Marx critiques the German system. His critique aims to encourage individuals to focus on themselves, rather than remain trapped in the illusions of the old society. Marx critiques the reality of Germany and outlines the historical mission of the proletariat, thus providing a clear direction for Germany’s liberation. This paper, using the German reality as a starting point, explores Marx’s theory of “human liberation” as presented in the “Introduction”, focusing on the foundational conditions, spiritual impetus, and fundamental path to achieving this liberation.