马克思恩格斯的“公正评价”及其当代意义
The “Fair Evaluation” of Marx and Engels and Its Contemporary Significance

《共产党宣言》是指导共产主义运动和寻求人类解放的纲领，而它对资本主义革命性作用的分析，是马克思和恩格斯对资本主义自我否定逻辑和发展趋势的综合判断。在《共产党宣言》1893年意大利文版序言中，恩格斯指出《宣言》十分公正地评价了资本主义在先前所起过的革命作用。本文重述了《宣言》对资本主义革命性作用的分析和评价，探讨了“十分公正”的方法论依据和资本主义革命性作用分析中蕴含的当代价值。今天，立足新的历史时期解读《共产党宣言》对资本主义社会的评价，对于认识当代资本主义社会、推动中国特色社会主义发展都具有重要价值。
The Communist Manifesto is a guide for the communist movement and the pursuit of human liberation, while its analysis of the revolutionary role of capitalism is a comprehensive judgment by Marx and Engels on the self-negating logic and development trend of capitalism. In the preface to the Italian edition of the Communist Manifesto published in 1893, Engels pointed out that the Manifesto gives a fair evaluation of the revolutionary role played by capitalism in the past. This article reiterates the analysis and evaluation of the revolutionary role of capitalism in the Declaration, explores the epistemological basis of the “fairly just” method, and uncovers the contemporary value contained in the analysis of the revolutionary role of capitalism. Today, interpreting the Declaration’s evaluation of capitalist society from a new historical perspective has significant value for understanding contemporary capitalist society and promoting the development of China’s socialism with Chinese characteristics.