麦弗逊悬架汽车转向节结构有限元分析与拓扑优化
Finite Element Analysis and Topology Optimization of McPherson Suspension Automobile Steering Knuckle Structure

汽车转向节的主要功能是连接汽车的车轮和转向系统，通过转向器向车轮传递转向力，实现汽车的转向。由于其在汽车行驶中的重要性，任何对其性能的改进或优化都将对整边汽车的安全性和可靠性产生显著的影响。特别是在新能源汽车领域，由于需要考虑到能源效率和环保要求，轻量化设计成为了一种重要的设计策略。本研究基于ANSYS Workbench软件对转向节进行有限元分析，负荷和边界条件的设置是基于汽车在实际行驶中的真实情况，以及转向节在汽车中的装配情况。通过求解有限元模型，研究者得出了转向节在各种工况下的应力分布。针对转向节在各种工况下的受力特点，进行拓扑优化设计。优化设计的结果再一次导入到ANSYS软件中，进行强度和稳定性的验证。这个验证的结果被用来比较优化前后的数据，以证明优化的可行性和可靠性。通过这种方法，本研究为各类车型转向节的轻量化设计提供了一个科学、实用的参考。
The main function of the automobile steering knuckle is to connect the automobile wheel and steering system, and transfer the steering force to the wheel through the steering gear to realize the steering of the automobile. Due to its importance in car driving, any improvement or optimization of its performance will have a significant impact on the safety and reliability of the full-sided vehicle. Especially in the field of new energy vehicles, lightweight design has become an important design strategy due to the need to take into account energy efficiency and environmental protection requirements. This research is based on ANSYS Workbench software for the finite element analysis of steering knuckles. The load and boundary conditions are set based on the real situation of the car in actual driving and the assembly of steering knuckles in the car. By solving the finite element model, the stress distribution of the knuckle under various working conditions was obtained. According to the stress characteristics of the steering knuckle under various working conditions, the topology optimization design is carried out. The results of the optimized design were once again imported into ANSYS software for strength and stability verification. The results of this verification are used to compare the data before and after optimization to prove the feasibility and reliability of the optimization. Through this method, the research provides a scientific and practical reference for the lightweight design of various types of vehicle steering knuckles.