3D打印定制鞋垫结合康复治疗对青少年脊髓性肌萎缩症的疗效研究
Study on the Efficacy of 3D Printed Custom Insoles Combined with Rehabilitation Therapy for Adolescents with Spinal Muscular Atrophy

研究目的：本研究旨在探讨3D打印定制鞋垫结合康复治疗对青少年脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)患者的治疗效果和临床意义。方法：回顾性研究对象为2022年11月至2024年5月在青海省康复医院接受治疗的2型和3型青少年脊髓性肌萎缩症住院患者。根据功能状态，我们选择83例患者，分为不可独坐者、可独坐者和可行走者。患者随机分为实验组(接受3D打印定制鞋垫结合康复治疗)和对照组(赤足结合康复治疗)。在相同的康复治疗方法下，我们比较两组患者在为期12个月的治疗周期内的“起立–行走”计时测试(TUGT)、6分钟步行测试(6MWT)、关节活动范围(ROM)以及科莱瑞迪2D足底压力分析仪和步态分析仪的测试数据。结果：实验组在下肢生物力学功能、运动功能及生活质量等方面均明显优于对照组，特别是在步态稳定性和行走能力的提升上表现显著。结论：3D打印定制鞋垫结合康复治疗能够显著改善青少年脊髓性肌萎缩症患者的下肢生物力学功能，提高运动能力和生活质量，因此该治疗方案具备广阔的临床应用前景。
Objective: This study aims to explore the therapeutic effects and clinical significance of 3D printed custom insoles combined with rehabilitation therapy for adolescent patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods: This retrospective study involved hospitalized adolescent patients with type 2 and type 3 spinal muscular atrophy who received treatment from November 2022 to May 2024 at the Qinghai Rehabilitation Hospital. Based on functional status, we selected 83 patients and categorized them into groups of those unable to sit independently, those able to sit independently, and those able to walk. Patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (receiving 3D printed custom insoles combined with rehabilitation therapy) and a control group (barefoot combined with rehabilitation therapy). Under the same rehabilitation treatment methods, we compared the two groups over a 12-month treatment period using the “Timed Up and Go Test” (TUGT), the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Range of Motion (ROM), as well as data from the Footscan 2D foot pressure analyzer and gait analyzer. Results: The experimental group showed significantly better lower limb biomechanical function, motor function, and quality of life compared to the control group, with notable improvements in gait stability and walking ability. Conclusion: The combination of 3D printed custom insoles and rehabilitation therapy can significantly enhance the lower limb biomechanical function and improve motor ability, and quality of life in adolescents with spinal muscular atrophy, indicating that this treatment approach has broad clinical application potential.