基于综合难度模型的“几何与代数”试题难度分析——以2021~2024年全国高考数学甲卷(理科)、Ⅰ卷、Ⅱ卷为例
Difficulty Analysis of “Geometry and Algebra” Exam Questions Based on a Comprehensive Difficulty Model—Taking the National College Entrance Examination Mathematics (Science) I, II and III from 2021 to 2024 as Examples

文章基于武小鹏等人提出的数学高考试题综合难度模型，对2021~2024年全国甲卷(理科)、新高考Ⅰ卷、新高考Ⅱ卷共12套试卷中涉及“几何与代数”的试题进行难度比较分析。研究发现：“几何与代数”试题编制背景单调，整体难度变化不大；强调综合性知识的理解与应用。因此，在此基础上提出：丰富试题情境，拓展学生思维；重视逆向思考，提高解题能力；强调数学运算，加强数学素养，这几点建议。
Based on the mathematical high examination test comprehensive difficulty model proposed by Wu Xiaopeng et al., this paper conducts a comparative analysis of the difficulty of “Geometry and Algebra” questions in 12 sets of national level I (science) examination papers from 2021 to 2024, including the new national college entrance examination I and II. The study found that the background of “Geometry and Algebra” question formulation was monotonous, and the overall difficulty changed little; it emphasized the understanding and application of comprehensive knowledge; accordingly, the following suggestions were put forward: enrich the question context to broaden students’ thinking; attach importance to reverse thinking to improve problem-solving ability; emphasize mathematical operations to enhance mathematical literacy.