下肢静脉曲张的病因病机及治疗研究进展
Research Progress on Etiology and Treatment of Lower Extremity Varicose Veins

下肢静脉曲张(VVLE)是临床常见病，我国成年人中约占10%~25%，其中女性发病率稍高，但其发病机制尚未明确。患者可出现下肢肿胀、皮肤瘙痒、色素沉着、血栓性浅静脉炎、皮肤溃疡、下肢深静脉血栓(LDVT)等。手术是治疗下肢静脉曲张最有效的方法，血管内热消融术以其创伤小、出血少、恢复快，效果好等优势，在临床上已逐步成为临床治疗的主要手段。但该方法易导致静脉腔内热诱导血栓形成(EHIT)，影响患者的康复。目前，国外对EHIT的防治缺乏指导意见，且常用抗凝药物存在出血风险或不便等问题，探索更加安全有效的预防和治疗措施成为医学界的研究热点。近年来，中医药因其具有改善病人整体状况、提高免疫功能、促进康复等作用而备受重视。本文就其病因病机及治疗新进展进行综述，为此病的防治提供参考。
Lower extremity varicose veins (VVLE) is a common clinical disease, accounting for 10%~25% of adults in China, of which the female incidence rate is slightly higher, but its pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Patients may experience lower limb swelling, skin itching, pigmentation, thrombotic superficial phlebitis, skin ulcers, and lower limb deep vein thrombosis (LDVT). Surgery is the most effective method for treating lower limb varicose veins, and intravascular thermal ablation has gradually become the main clinical treatment method due to its advantages of minimal trauma, less bleeding, fast recovery, and good results. But, this method can easily lead to heat induced thrombosis (EHIT) in the venous lumen, affecting the patient’s recovery. At present, there is a lack of guidance on the prevention and treatment of EHIT in foreign countries, and commonly used anticoagulant drugs have problems such as bleeding risk or inconvenience. Exploring safer and more effective prevention and treatment measures has become a research hotspot in the medical community. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has been highly valued for its ability to improve the overall condition of patients, enhance immune function, and promote rehabilitation. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, and new advances in treatment of this disease, providing reference for its prevention and treatment.