表面富铬化处理对不锈钢表面性能影响
Anodization Treatment of 304 Stainless Steel Effect on Surface Properties

目的：本文通过优化富铬化处理液成分浓度，在304不锈钢表面制备亚光、硬度和耐点蚀性能优良的薄膜。方法：本文选择柠檬酸(C₆H₈O₇)、低浓度磷酸(H₃PO₄)和双氧水(H₂O₂)作为基础溶液组份，采用阳极氧化法处理304不锈钢表面，以表面薄膜的亚光度、粗糙度和硬度作为性能指标探究最佳亚光处理304不锈钢溶液配方；结合动电位扫描和SEM技术比较用最佳溶液配方处理前后不锈钢的耐点蚀性能差异。结果：在工艺条件温度70℃和氧化时间1 h条件下，最佳阳极氧化溶液配方为28 g？L^？1 H₃PO₄、20 g？L^？1 C₆H₈O₇、200 g？L^？1 H₂O₂。磷酸和柠檬酸对亚光度、粗糙度和硬度影响明显；双氧水对亚光度和粗糙度影响小，但对硬度影响明显。采用最佳配方亚光处理液处理304不锈钢后，不锈钢的亚光度为10.6%，粗糙度增加了2.87倍，硬度增加为1.1倍，点蚀电位明显正移，表面点蚀孔径明显减小。结论：亚光处理使304不锈钢表面呈亚光；表面硬度未下降；耐点蚀性明显提高。
Purpose: It is aimed to obtain outstanding surface properties of film formed on 304 stainless steel, such as matte surface, hardness, pitting resistance by optimizing the concentration of composing in the matte surface treating solution. Methods: In this paper critic acid (C₆H₈O₇) and lower phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) are concerned as the basic solution components, and the surface of 304 stainless steel was treated by anodic oxidation method. The optimal solution concentration of matte surface treatment on 304 stainless steel was obtained by the change of the contents of H₃PO₄, C₆H₈O₇, and H₂O₂ according to matte degree, roughness and hardness of post-surface treated stainless steel. Potentiodynamic technology and SEM were applied to compare pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel with and without matte surface treated in the solution with optimal solution composition. Results: The results show that the optimal solution is composed of 28 g.L^-1H₃PO₄, 20 g.L^-1C₆H₈O₇, 200 g.L^-1H₂O₂ at 70℃ for 1 h. Phosphoric acid and critical acid tremendously effect on matte degree, roughness and hardness. Hydrogen peroxide slightly affects matter and roughness, but tremendously effect on hardness. After treating the optimal solution, the stainless steel showed the matte degree of 10.6%, roughness of 0.23, hardness of 236 HV_0.2, and pitting protection potential of 0.686 V_AgCl/Ag. Conclusions: Matte surface anodization in such