可生物降解医用金属螺钉的研究进展
Research Progress on Biodegradable Medical Metal Screws

颅骨损伤的常见病因包括交通事故、高处坠落、钝器打击、运动损伤、摔倒以及爆炸和冲击波等。这些因素都可能导致头部受到直接或间接的暴力冲击，从而造成颅骨损伤。医用金属螺钉作为内固定手术中不可或缺的一部分，尽管在医疗领域具有广泛的应用，但仍存在一些缺点和局限性。可生物降解金属螺钉作为一种基于微弧氧化结合双脉冲电化学沉积技术制备的特殊材料已经取得重大成果与突破。该螺钉表面涂覆有氧化镁、磷酸镁/钙磷盐复合涂层，旨在解决传统金属螺钉在生物相容性、二次手术取出及应力遮挡等方面的问题。通过动物实验及一系列表征方法，验证了该螺钉的生物降解性、骨折愈合诱导性、机械性能及材料安全性，为医用金属螺钉的进一步发展提供了新的思路与方法。
The common causes of skull injury include traffic accidents, falls from heights, blunt force impacts, sports injuries, falls, explosions and shock waves, etc. These factors can all lead to direct or indirect violent impacts on the head, resulting in skull injuries. As an indispensable part of internal fixation surgeries, medical metal screws, although widely used in the medical field, still have some shortcomings and limitations. Biodegradable metal screws, as a special material prepared based on micro-arc oxidation combined with double-pulse electrochemical deposition technology, have achieved significant results and breakthroughs. The surface of this screw is coated with a composite coating of magnesium oxide, magnesium phosphate/calcium phosphate salt, aiming to solve the problems of traditional metal screws in terms of biocompatibility, removal in secondary surgeries, and stress shielding. Through animal experiments and a series of characterization methods, the biodegradability, fracture healing induction, mechanical properties and material safety of this screw have been verified, providing new ideas and methods for the further development of medical metal screws.