Urinary calculi are a common and frequently occurring disease in urology. For patients with kidney stones, especially large, multiple or staghorn stones, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a preferred treatment method. Infection-related complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy include transient fever, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and urinary sepsis, especially urinary sepsis, which are considered to be common causes of death after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Therefore, early identification and timely intervention of biomarkers can reduce the incidence and mortality of postoperative sepsis, as well as the length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs. This article reviews the biomarkers for early identification of urinary tract infection after PCNL, such as traditional inflammatory indicators, new inflammatory indicators, and composite inflammatory indicators.
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