性别平等视域下家庭主妇家务短视频生产的情感劳动表现
Affective Labor Performance of Housewives in the Production of Short Videos of Housework from the Perspective of Gender Equality

近几年家庭主妇生产的家务短视频颇受关注，在新媒体时代背景下女性以“家庭主妇 + 短视频博主”的双重身份进行情感劳动。本文采用“框架三层次理论”对家庭主妇生产的家务短视频进行内容分析，研究情感劳动在其中的表现。研究结果表明家务劳动的情感劳动属性通过情感互动、调动情感以及制造情感来表现，体现家庭主妇主动控制情感的同时也凸显了她们面对家务劳动的被动性；生产家务短视频以台前展演、表达营销情感、构建维系情感部落为表现形式，这一线上情感劳动放大了家务劳动的情感劳动属性，家庭主妇充分发挥主体性的同时将自身群体和家务劳动“公开化”，有利于改变家务劳动价值被忽略的情况，帮助人们看到传统情感劳动对家庭主妇的束缚与剥削，倘若借此打破传统性别观念的枷锁，对于实现性别平等将有非凡的意义，但是如果只是停留在单纯的观看视频而不去深思，视频中固化的家庭主妇形象和展现出的“男外女内”性别分工反而会强化传统性别观念，本就道阻且长的性别平等实现之路将更加荆棘遍布。
In recent years, the short housework videos produced by housewives have attracted much attention. Under the background of the new media era, women carry out affective labor with the dual identity of “housewives + short video bloggers”. This paper analyzes the content of short housework videos produced by housewives by using the “three-level theory of frame”, and studies the performance of affective labor in them. The results show that the affective labor attribute of housework is manifested through emotional interaction, emotional mobilization and emotional production, which reflects housewives’ active control of emotions and highlights their passivity in the face of housework. The production of household chores video as a form of front-stage performance, expression of marketing emotions, and the construction of emotional tribes helps to amplify the affective labor attributes of household labor. Housewives fully exercise their subjectivity while publicizing themselves and their group and the household labor, which is conducive to changing the situation where the value of household labor is ignored. It helps people see the constraints and exploitation of traditional affective labor on housewives. If this can break the shackles of traditional gender concepts, it will have extraordinary significance for achieving gender equality. However, if people only stop at passive viewing without deep reflection, the stereotyped image of housewives in the video and the gender division of “men outside and women inside” will actually reinforce traditional gender concepts, making the already difficult path to gender equality even more thorny.