低碳视角下面向公铁联运的铁路物流中心选址研究
Study on the Location of Railway Logistics Center Oriented to Highway-Railway Combined Transportation in Perspective of Low Carbon

“公转铁”背景下优化铁路运输“最后一公里”配送问题十分重要，基于此引入铁路物流中心这一概念，建立了经典铁路物流中心选址模型；结合“双碳”背景充分考虑了公铁联运运输过程和铁路物流中心照明、机械作业和制冷等因素产生的碳排放成本，建立了低碳视角下的铁路物流中心选址成本改进模型，并采用一种具有记忆功能的全局逐步搜索算法——禁忌搜索算法对其求解。最后，以沪宁线周边铁路物流中心选址为例，当考虑碳排放成本时，铁路物流中心的选址由4个降至2个，物流中心改建成本的费用节省率高达39.62%；关于各部分碳排放的构成来看，公路和铁路运输碳排放的占比分别为19.08%和1.67%；此外物流中心燃料消耗的占比高达48.71%。因此，基于绿色“低碳”视角下，配送过程中应尽量减少公路运输，使用铁路运输；物流中心应尽量减少燃油消耗量，更多的使用绿色替代能源。
Under the background of “ road to railway “, it is very important to optimize the distribution of “the last kilometer” of railway transportation, so the concept of railway logistics center is introduced, the classical location selection model of railway logistics center is established; Combined with background of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” fully consider the public transportation in transportation and railway logistics center, lighting, mechanical work and cooling etc. The cost of carbon emissions, set up under the perspective of low carbon model of railway logistics center location cost improvement and adopts a step by step with memory function in global search algorithm, tabu search algorithm for its solution. Finally, taking the site selection of railway logistics center around Shanghai-Nanjing Line as an example, when considering the carbon emission cost, the site selection of railway logistics center is reduced from 4 to 2, and the cost saving rate of logistics center reconstruction is as high as 39.62%. As for the composition of carbon emissions, road and railway transport accounted for 19.08% and 1.67% of carbon emissions respectively. In addition, the fuel consumption of logistics center accounts for 48.71%. Therefore, from the perspective of green “low-carbon”, road transport should be reduced as far as possible in the distribution process, and railway transport should be used; Logistics centers should try to reduce fuel consumption and use more green alternative energy.