基于AHP-熵权法的农产品“最先一公里”预冷模式选择研究
Research on the Selection of “First Kilometer” Pre-Cooling Mode for Agricultural Products Based on AHP-Entropy Right Method

本文针对我国农产品“最先一公里”预冷处理中存在的温控不佳、高耗能、低利用率及品质难保障等关键问题，系统分析了固定设施预冷、移动设施预冷及其组合模式的优劣，以期优化产地预冷环节。基于指标体系设计原则，构建了涵盖经济、技术、社会三个维度的预冷模式选择评价指标体系，共含12个二级指标。采用AHP-熵权法分析，确定了各指标权重，发现经济因素占主导，尤其是投资建设成本、盈利能力为关键影响因素。最后，运用线性综合法对三种预冷模式进行综合评估，结果显示联合预冷模式最优，次之为移动设施预冷和固定设施预冷。以期为农产品预冷模式选择提供科学依据和决策支持。
Aiming at the key problems of poor temperature control, high energy consumption, low utilization rate and difficult to guarantee quality in the “first kilometer” pre-cooling treatment of agricultural products in China, this paper systematically analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of pre-cooling in fixed facilities, pre-cooling in mobile facilities and their combined modes, with a view to optimizing the pre-cooling link at the origin. Based on the principle of index system design, the evaluation index system of pre-cooling mode selection covering economic, technical and social dimensions was constructed, containing 12 secondary indexes. AHP-entropy weighting method was used to analyze and determine the weights of each index, and it was found that economic factors dominated, especially investment and construction costs and profitability were the key influencing factors. Finally, the three pre-cooling modes were comprehensively evaluated using the linear synthesis method, and the results showed that the joint pre-cooling mode was optimal, followed by mobile facility pre-cooling and fixed facility pre-cooling. The results show that the combined pre-cooling mode is the best, followed by mobile pre-cooling and fixed pre-cooling.