用户数据下电动汽车驱–制动载荷构建
Construction of Drive-Brake Load for Electric Vehicles Based on User Data

对基于用户运行数据的电动汽车驱–制动载荷工况研究，是电驱动系统可靠性设计与评价验证的前提和基础。本文通过构建车辆纵向动力学模型以获取电驱动系统工况载荷，并结合实测数据验证模型的有效性；基于七个地域累计100万公里的用户实际运行数据，分析用户在不同工况下的运行时间、行驶里程和损伤贡献；结果表明，加速段时间与里程占比最大；进一步统计不同工况片段各部件损伤，结果表明，加减速时的扭矩波动是轴类失效的主导工况，连续高速行驶较大扭矩工况导致齿轮、轴承失效，而匀速、怠速工况对应低速较小扭矩波动工况，对各部件损伤贡献量较小。研究成果为电驱动系统的可靠性正向设计与验证提供了参考和依据。
The research on the driving braking load conditions of electric vehicles based on user operation data is the prerequisite and foundation for the reliability design and evaluation verification of electric drive systems. This article constructs a longitudinal dynamic model of the vehicle to obtain the working load of the electric drive system, and verifies the effectiveness of the model with measured data; Based on accumulated 1 million kilometers of actual user operation data from seven regions, analyze the user’s operating time, mileage, and damage contribution under different working con- ditions; The results indicate that the proportion of acceleration time to mileage is the highest; Further statistics on the damage of various components in different operating conditions show that torque fluctuations during acceleration and deceleration are the dominant driving conditions for shaft failures. Continuous high-speed driving with high torque conditions leads to gear and bearing failures, while constant speed and idle conditions correspond to low-speed and small torque fluctuation conditions, with relatively small contributions to the damage of various components. The research results provide reference and basis for the reliability positive design and verification of electric drive systems.