基于出口均衡算法的疏散路径优化模型
Evacuation Path Optimization Model Based on Exit Equilibrium Algorithm

以某高校教学楼为研究实例，构建了疏散网络模型，并基于最短路径确定初始疏散方案。在此基础上，提出一种基于出口树均衡的疏散路径优化模型，调整初始疏散方案中节点的归属平衡不同出口清空时间，并提出出口清空时间的快速估算方法。多种教学楼疏散场景的优化结果经Pathfinder验证表明，出口最大清空时间均有所下降，疏散时间平均下降15.97 ± 10.45 s，尤其在高密度下的表现更好；优化模型出口清空时间与Pathfinder结果虽然存在一定误差，但相关性分析结果表明二者的变化趋势较为一致；优化模型运行耗时均在0.9 s以内，结合高效的微观疏散仿真工具，可为大型建筑的疏散路径实时优化提供新方法。
Taking a university teaching building as a research example, an evacuation network model is constructed, and the initial evacuation scheme is determined based on the shortest path. On this basis, an evacuation path optimization model based on exit tree equilibrium is proposed to adjust the attribution of nodes in the initial evacuation scenario to balance different exit clearing times, and a fast estimation method of exit clearing time is proposed. The optimization results of various teaching building evacuation scenarios are verified by Pathfinder, which shows that the maximum exit clearing time decreases, and the evacuation time decreases by 15.97 ± 10.45 seconds on average, especially in high density; although there is a certain error between the optimization model exit clearing time and the results of Pathfinder, the results of the correlation analysis show that the two trends are more consistent; the running time of the optimization model is consistent; the running time of the optimization model is not very long. The optimization model takes less than 0.9 seconds to run, which, combined with the efficient microscopic evacuation simulation tool, can provide a new method for real-time optimization of evacuation paths in large buildings.