自贡方言本字考八则
Zigong Dialect Original Characters: Eight Rules

自贡方言，属西南官话四川方言的次方言。汉字结合了形、音、义三方面的特性，其核心功能在于表义。随着汉语的演变，字词的形、音和义可能会发生变化，导致这三者之间的关系出现错位。尤其在方言中，人们有时会知道某些词的发音和意义，却不清楚其字形，或者某些字词的书写形式并不对应其在方言中的含义。表面上看，方言展现了不同地区的语音差异，但实际上，它是由历史演变所导致的古今变化，存在着传承关系。因此，运用“因声求义”的方法对方言进行研究显得尤为重要。基于此，本文将选取自贡方言中八例典型口语词，通过“因声求义”的方法来考证其本字。探讨这样的方言词语对于认识自贡方言、了解古代音韵学知识、古今词汇、短语的继承性等都具有重要的意义。
The Zigong dialect is a subdialect of the Sichuan dialect within the Southwestern Mandarin group. Chinese characters combine the three key elements of form, sound, and meaning, with their core function being to convey meaning. As the Chinese language has evolved, the relationships among form, pronunciation, and meaning have sometimes shifted, leading to misalignments between these aspects. This phenomenon is particularly evident in dialects, where people may know the pronunciation and meaning of certain words but remain unclear about their written forms, or where the written representation of words does not correspond to their meanings in the dialect. On the surface, dialects may appear to simply reflect regional phonetic variations. However, they are in fact products of historical linguistic evolution, bearing a continuity that links past and present. This makes the study of dialects through the method of “seeking meaning through sound” particularly significant. Based on this approach, this paper examines eight typical colloquial words in the Zigong dialect to identify their original characters. Investigating such dialectal terms is crucial for understanding the Zigong dialect, gaining insights into ancient phonology, and exploring the inheritance of words and phrases across historical periods.