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西辽河流域黄土研究进展与展望
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Abstract:
西辽河流域是东北黄土的分布亚区之一，流域内广泛分布着风成黄土沉积物，是研究区域环境变化的理想材料。本文从该区黄土沉积物的沉积与分布特征、形成年代、可能的物质来源、黄土沉积反映的不同时间尺度的气候变化特征及驱动机制等方面综述了近年来该区黄土研究的主要进展。结果表明：(1) 该区绝大多数黄土沉积物为原生黄土，沉积速率相对较高的黄土剖面通常沿浑善达克沙地和科尔沁沙地边缘零星分布，多形成于末次冰期以来。更老的黄土剖面位于流域南部，目前已知的最老的黄土沉积物的底界年龄为~1.22 Ma。(2) 该区的黄土沉积物记录了亚洲内陆干旱化与东部沙地的扩张历史，主要与中更新世气候转型(MPT)以来全球冰量的逐渐增长有关。(3) 黄土记录还反映了不同时间尺度的东亚夏季风(EASM)变化特征及其驱动机制。全新世期间，区域夏季风降水呈现出“低–高–低”的模式，主要受控于全球冰量和海平面的变化，其次由太阳辐射驱动。晚第四纪以来，黄土记录了多次气候干湿波动。多指标的分析结果表明，该区的EASM自早/中更新世以来持续减弱，特别是在中布容事件(MBE)后的间冰期，为EASM对MBE的区域差异响应提供了证据。未来应加强研究区黄土沉积物的底界年龄、古气候定量重建以及黄土粉尘物质来源等方面的系统研究。
The West Liaohe River Basin is one of the distribution subregions of loess in Northeast China, and wind-formed loess sediments are widely distributed in the basin, which is an ideal material for the study of regional environmental changes. This article summarizes the main progress in loess research in this area in recent years, including sedimentation and distribution characteristics, formation age, possible material sources, climate change characteristics and driving mechanisms reflected by loess sedimentation at different time scales. The results show that: (1) the majority of loess sediments in the region are primary loess, and loess profiles with relatively high sedimentation rates are usually sporadically distributed along the edges of the Otindag and Horqin sandy lands, and most of them have been formed since the last glacial period. Older loess profiles are located in the southern part of the basin, with the oldest known loess deposits having a base age of ~1.22 Ma. (2) Loess deposits in the region record the history of aridification of the Asian interior and expansion of the eastern sands, mainly related to the gradual increase in global ice volume since the Mid Pleistocene Climate Transition (MPT). (3) The eolian record also reflects the characteristics of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) variability and its driving mechanisms at different time scales. During the Holocene, the regional EASM precipitation showed a “low-high-low” pattern, which was mainly controlled by global ice volume and sea level changes, and secondly driven by solar radiation. Since the Late Quaternary, the Loess has recorded several climatic wet and dry fluctuations. The results of the multi-indicator analyses indicate that the EASM in the region has continued to weaken since the Early/Middle Pleistocene, especially during the interglacial period following the Mid Brunhes Event (MBE), which provides evidence
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