Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of psychoactive substance users in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: These were retrospective descriptive studies of patient consultation and hospitalization records in the 17 psychiatric and addictology care centers in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. This was an exhaustive survey. All usable consultation and hospitalization registers were included in the study. Non-usable consultation and hospitalization registers were not included. Data were collected from January 1 to December 31 of each respective year. Data were cleaned using Excel before analysis. R software version 4.3.3 was used for analysis. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 26,029 patients were registered in mental health facilities in Senegal. The Fann Psychiatry Department (CHNU Fann) admitted 23.2% of patients and the Thiaroye National Psychiatric Hospital registered 17.6% of drug users. For the year 2019, we found 8259 and in 2021, we had 6607 patients. The male gender was more represented with 14,750 patients, or 90.9%. The age group [25 - 34] was the majority (7013 patients or 39.5%). The majority of patients (17,425 patients, or 84.6%) were followed as outpatients. The drugs were mainly inhaled (96.7%). The most consumed substance was cannabis with 8847 patients, or 54.2%. Withdrawal was the main reason for treatment, 11,614 patients, or 85.7%. Conclusion: In the light of the results of our study, we can say that the use of psychoactive substances is a real public health and development problem in Senegal. The peaks in psychoactive substance consumption preceded the peaks in psychiatric care centers, so we need to promote information, education and communication on the harmful effects of psychoactive substance consumption among the population in general and young people in particular, in order to safeguard the country’s development.
References
[1]
Centre national de coordination des drogues: Substance psychoactive—Lexique. Prévention et santé. https://www.infodrog.ch/fr/ressources/lexique-de-la-prevention/substance-psychoactive.html
[2]
Ministère de la sante et des service sociaux: La consommation de substances psychoactives en quelques chiffres—Flash Surveillance—Professionnels de la santé. https://www.msss.gouv.qc.ca/professionnels/statistiques-donnees-sante-bien-etre/flash-surveillance/substances-psychoactives/
[3]
UNODC (2023) Cartographie des structures de prise en charge des troubles liés à l’usage des substances dans les pays francophones de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. https://www.unodc.org/documents/Cartographie_des_structures_de_prise_en_charge.pdf
[4]
Ciregano, D., Bwenge Malembaka, E., Kashala-Abotnes, E., Karemere, H., et al. (2018) Risk Factors for Psychoactive Substance Misuse among Young People Aged 14 to 25 in the City of Bukavu—An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.
[5]
WHO (2019) Needs Assessment for the Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Senegal. https://fctc.who.int/docs/librariesprovider12/default-document-library/na-report-senegal_rev_ag_290523.pdf?sfvrsn=d652d9b2_10
[6]
UNODC (2019) World Drug Report.
[7]
Petit, V. (2019) Circulations et quêtes thérapeutiques en santé mentale au Sénégal. Revue francophone sur la santé et les territoires, 1, 4. https://doi.org/10.4000/rfst.374
[8]
Coulibaly, O. and Agnicho, C. (2019) Gender and Drug Use in côte d’ivoire.
[9]
UNODC (2021) World Drug Report 2021. https://algeria.un.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/WDR2021_press_release_FR.pdf
[10]
AFDER (2018) World Drug Report 2018. https://www.afder.org/statistiques-rapport-mondial-sur-les-drogues-2018/
[11]
Jauffret-Roustide, M. (2014) Les inégalités sociales dans le champ des addictions. Les Tribunes de la santé, 43, 61-68. https://doi.org/10.3917/seve.043.0061
[12]
UNESCO (2018) How the Education Sector Should Respond to Alcohol, Tobacco and Drug Use, 2018.
[13]
Camara, A., Balde, D., Sidibé, S., Barry, S.M., Camara, B., Barry, A.M., et al. (2015) Tabagisme et facteurs associés chez les collégiens de Dixinn en Guinée. Santé Publique, 27, 585-591. https://doi.org/10.3917/spub.154.0585
[14]
Kpozehouen, A., Ahanhanzo, Y.G., Paraïso, M.N., Munezero, F., Saizonou, J.Z., Makoutodé, M., et al. (2016) Facteurs associés à l’usage de substances psychoactives chez les adolescents au Bénin. Santé Publique, 27, 871-880. https://doi.org/10.3917/spub.156.0871
[15]
Dervaux, A. (2019) How Cannabis Can Promote Psychotic Disorders: Consequences, Screening and Management. L’informationpsychiatrique, 95, 672-678.
[16]
Government of Canada (2018) Health Effects of Cannabis. https://www.canada.ca/fr/services/sante/campagnes/cannabis/effets-sante.html
[17]
MSAS (2020) Senegal Drug Report Mental Health Division 2020. https://www.sante.gouv.sn/sites/default/files/Rapport%20drogue%20Se%CC%81ne%CC%81gal%20Div%20Sante%CC%81%20Mentale%202020.pdf
[18]
Diop, O., Diouf, A.F., Dansokho, M., Bah, M., Malou, R., et al. (2018) Situation économique et sociale du Sénégal en 2015.
[19]
Ministry of Health and Social Action: Plan National de Développement Sanitaire et Social (PNDSS): 2019-2028. https://www.esante.sn/app/uploads/Plan-national-developpement-sanitaire-social-pndss-2019-2028.pdf
[20]
Mental Health Report Senegal Year 2019. https://sante.gouv.sn/sites/default/files/Rapport%20sante%20mentale%20senegal%20Annee%202019_1.pdf
[21]
Plan stratégique Santé Mentale Senegal 2024-2028. https://www.sante.gouv.sn/sites/default/files/Plan%20strate%CC%81gique%20Sante%CC%81%20Mentale%20Senegal%202024-2028%20V.pdf
[22]
Ba, I., Lepretre, A. and Maynart, M. (2015) Premier center méthadone en Afrique de l’Ouest. https://vih.org/20150806/ouverture-du-cepiad-a-dakar-premier-centre-methadone-en-afrique-de-louest/
[23]
Tine, J.A.D. (2022) Intégration de la santé mentale dans les soins primaires, communautaires et humanitaires au Sénégal: État des lieux, défis et perspectives. http://www.emro.who.int/fr/health-education/global-student-health-survey/global-student-health-survey.html
[24]
Ndoye, F., Sylla, A., Dieye, M.M. and Samba Ly, B. (2022) La prise en charge psychiatrique au Sénégal. L’Autre, 23, 138-148. https://doi.org/10.3917/lautr.068.0138
[25]
Rapport santé mentale Sénégal Année 2019. https://www.sante.gouv.sn/sites/default/files/Rapport%20sante%20mentale%20senegal%20Annee%202019.pdf
[26]
Bremond, P. (2020) World Drug Report 2020. https://www.dianova.org/fr/nouvelles/rapport-mondial-sur-les-drogues-2020/
[27]
PAENDU (2016) Statistics and Trends in Illicit Drug Use, Demand and Treatment Supply in Africa.
[28]
Gerra, G., Benedetti, E., Resce, G., Potente, R., Cutilli, A. and Molinaro, S. (2020) Socioeconomic Status, Parental Education, School Connectedness and Individual Socio-Cultural Resources in Vulnerability for Drug Use among Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, Article 1306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041306
[29]
OFDT (2022) Rapport ESCAPAD, 20 ans d’observation des usages à l’adolescence, 2022. https://www.ofdt.fr/publications/collections/thema/escapad-20-ans-dobservation-des-usages-ladolescence-thema/
[30]
Sume, R. (2004) Neurosciences: Usage de substances psychoactives et dependance.
[31]
Lucet, C. and Olié, J.P. (2020) Conduites addictives: Faits cliniques. Bulletin de l’Académie Nationale de Médecine, 204, 551-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.banm.2020.04.005
[32]
INSPQ (2017) Factors Associated with Cannabis Use among Quebecers Aged 15 to 34.
[33]
OFDT (2022) Drogues et addictions, chiffres clés 2022. https://www.ofdt.fr
