西安市小麦宽幅沟播技术探究
Exploration of Wide Width Trench Sowing Technology for Wheat in Xi’an City

文章针对西安市小麦生产中存在的播种质量不高和极端气候频发等问题，提出了小麦宽幅沟播技术的研究与应用。通过多点次的试验示范，集成了以提升小麦播种质量为核心的小麦宽幅沟播技术体系，并逐步推广应用。该技术体系包括选择抗病优质高产品种、高质量规范播种、适墒适期晚播、肥水精准运筹、病虫害绿色防控、提高千粒重和适时收获减损等关键措施。宽幅沟播技术具有显著的技术优势，包括精确的技术质量标准、控制无效分蘖保障壮杆大穗和节本增效作用突出等。自2020年以来，在西安市共落实小麦宽幅沟播示范面积289.65万亩，取得了显著的增产效果。然而，目前仍存在机具购置和作业成本相对较高、机手操作要求相对较高、农户认可程度存在偏差和宽幅沟播配套技术还需进一步优化等问题。针对这些问题，文章提出了增加机具保有量、提升作业补贴、加大机具研发应用、持续强化宣传培训力度和深入研究宽幅沟播配套技术等思考与建议。
This article proposes the research and application of wheat wide furrow sowing technology to address the problems of low sowing quality and frequent extreme weather in wheat production in Xi’an. Through multiple experimental demonstrations, a wide furrow wheat sowing technology system centered on improving wheat sowing quality has been integrated and gradually promoted and applied. This technology system includes key measures such as selecting disease-resistant, high-quality, and high-yield varieties, sowing with high-quality standards, late sowing at appropriate soil moisture and time, precise fertilizer and water management, green pest control, increasing thousand-grain weight, and timely harvesting and loss reduction. Wide width furrow sowing technology has significant technical advantages, including precise technical quality standards, control of ineffective tillering to ensure strong stems and large ears, and outstanding cost-saving and efficiency-increasing effects. Since 2020, a total of 2.8965 million mu of wide furrow wheat sowing demonstration area has been implemented in Xi’an, achieving significant yield increases. However, there are still issues, such as relatively high costs of equipment procurement and operation, relatively high requirements for operator operation, deviation in farmers’ recognition, and further optimization of the supporting technology for wide furrow sowing. In response to these issues, this article proposes thoughts and suggestions such as increasing the number of equipment in stock, improving operational subsidies, increasing the research and application of equipment, continuously strengthening publicity and training efforts, and conducting in-depth research on a wide range sowing supporting technologies.