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碳酸盐岩成储控制因素研究进展
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Abstract:
近年来，随着对我国碳酸盐岩层系油气形成与成藏规律的深化认识，明确了构造作用、沉积作用、成岩作用和流体作用等多因素耦合过程是控制碳酸盐岩储层规模性、展布特征、质量优劣和可预测性的关键。但碳酸盐岩储层质量评价仍存在主控因素定量表征不足、不同因素差异控储耦合研究不足和孔隙演化模式缺乏系统约束条件等问题。本文基于我国碳酸盐岩储层分布的盆地、层系、沉积相和物性特征汇总分析，从构造作用、沉积作用、成岩作用和流体作用4个方面揭示了碳酸盐岩储层物性控制因素：1) 构造作用主要控制了优质储层的沉积背景和分布；2) 沉积作用主要控制了优质储层的发育规模和物质基础；3) 成岩作用主要控制了优质储层类型和孔隙结构；4) 流体作用主要控制了储层改造方向和部位。鉴于碳酸盐岩成岩作用及孔隙演化的复杂性，未来多重地质背景约束下，结合铸体薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜、同位素分析、流体包裹体等技术，碳酸盐岩成岩作用及孔隙演化定量化评价将更加完善，成岩模式更具针对性和数据化。
In recent years, with the deepening understanding of the law of hydrocarbon formation and accumulation in Chinese carbonate strata, it is clear that the multi-factor coupling process of structure, sedimentation, diagenesis and fluid is the key to control the scale, distribution characteristics, quality and predictability of carbonate reservoirs. However, there are still some problems in the quality evaluation of carbonate reservoir, such as insufficient quantitative characterization of main controlling factors, insufficient studies on different factors’ controlling reservoir coupling and lack of systematic constraints on pore evolution model. Based on the summary analysis of the characteristics of basin, layer, sedimentary facies and physical properties of carbonate reservoirs in China, this paper reveals the controlling factors of physical properties of carbonate reservoirs from four aspects of structure, sedimentation, diagenesis and fluid: 1) Structure mainly controls the sedimentary setting and distribution of high-quality reservoirs; 2) Deposition mainly controls the development scale and material basis of high-quality reservoirs; 3) Diagenesis mainly controls the high-quality reservoir type and pore structure; 4) Fluid mainly controls the direction and stratification of reservoir reconstruction. In view of the complexity of carbonate diagenesis and pore evolution, the quantitative evaluation of carbonate diagenesis and pore evolution will be more perfect, and the diagenetic model will be more targeted and data-oriented under the constraints of multiple geological backgrounds in the future, combined with the techniques of cast thin section, cathode luminescence, scanning electron microscopy, isotope analysis, fluid inclusion, etc.
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