同一出口水平下的“女生学业优势”——基于本科成绩单的性别差异研究
“Girls’ Academic Advantages” at the Same Export Level—Research on Gender Differences Based on Undergraduate Transcripts

本研究基于X大学研究生的本科四年成绩单数据研究学业表现的性别差异。研究表明：第一，在大学教育同一出口水平条件下，女生生源的本科平均学业成绩显著优于男生，男生在大一至大三阶段的学业成绩进步幅度更大；第二，人文社科专业生源中学业成绩不存在显著性别差异，而理工农医学科生源中女生的平均学业成绩显著优于男生；第三，不同层次学校的生源均呈现出女生的本科学业成绩显著优于男生；学校层次越高男生女生的本科相对学业成绩差距越小；最后，在控制了学校层次、学科大类以及修课学年对学业成绩影响的情况下，专业课成绩呈现出显著性别差异，公共课成绩未呈现显著性别差异。
This study investigates the gender differences in academic performance based on the undergraduate transcript data of graduate students from University X over four years. Research indicates that, first, under the same graduation level conditions in higher education, the average academic performance of female undergraduates is significantly better than that of male undergraduates, with males showing greater improvement in academic performance from the first to the third year; second, there are no significant gender differences in academic performance among students in the humanities and social sciences, while female students in the fields of science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine have significantly better average academic performance than their male counterparts; third, across different tiers of institutions, female undergraduates consistently outperform male undergraduates, with the performance gap decreasing as the tier of the institution increases; finally, after controlling for the effects of institutional tier, academic discipline, and year of study on academic performance, significant gender differences are observed in specialized course grades, while no significant gender differences are found in general course grades.