2023年天津市南美白对虾主要病原的流行病学调查与分析
Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis of the Main Pathogens of Litopenaeus vannamei in Tianjin in 2023

为了解对虾白斑病毒(WSSV)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)、虾肝肠胞虫(EHP)和致急性肝胰腺坏死病副溶血弧菌(Vp_AHPND)等4种病原在天津地区南美白对虾养殖业中的流行规律和危害程度，本研究采用定点持续监测和全面覆盖2种方式在本市开展了上述4种疫病的流行病学调查与分析工作。定点持续监测结果显示：A、B两个池塘EHP在养殖过程中检出率最高，几乎达到了100%；而C、D、E三个池塘4种疫病的检出率均较低；养殖周期结束后5个池塘出虾率的统计结果显示：A、B池塘的出虾仅有20%，C、D、E池塘出虾率在40%；全面覆盖监测结果显示：在所调研的10个养殖区中，塘沽地区、静海区和宝坻区养殖成功率最高，达到了70%~80%；西青区养殖成功率较低，仅有30%，平均养殖成功率为50%，且全市疫病检出率中EHP检出率最高，达到85.11%。我们认为，EHP已经成为威胁本市对虾养殖产业的主要病原，加强该病的监测力度和深入研究已经迫在眉睫。
In order to understand the epidemic patterns and risk levels of 4 pathogens, namely White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (Vp_AHPND), in Litopenaeus vannamei farming industry in Tianjin, two methods including fixed-point continuous monitoring and comprehensive coverage were used to conduct epidemiological investigations and analysis of the 4 diseases in Tianjin in this study. The results of fixed-point continuous monitoring show that the detection rate of EHP in ponds A and B is the highest during the aquaculture process, almost reaching 100%; the detection rates of 4 types of diseases in ponds C, D, and E are all relatively low; The statistical results of shrimp emergence rates in 5 ponds after the end of the aquaculture cycle showed that the shrimp emergence rates of ponds of A and B were only 20%, while ponds C, D, and E were 40%; among the 10 surveyed aquaculture areas, the districts of Tanggu, Jinghai, and Baodi have the highest success rates of aquaculture, reaching 70% to 80%; The success rate of aquaculture in Xiqing District is relatively low, only 30%, with an average success rate of 50%. In addition, the EHP detection rate is the highest in Tianjin, reaching 85.11%. We believe that EHP has become the main pathogen threatening the shrimp farming industry in Tianjin, and it is urgent to strengthen the monitoring and in-depth research of this disease.