网络暴力犯罪主体的判定
The Identification of Criminal Subjects in Cyber Violence

互联网时代的发展给社会暴力治理带来了新的困境，由于网络技术的大肆滥用，社会中滋生了严重的网络暴力现象。网络暴力的群体性、身份的匿名性和隐秘性，给其刑事责任主体的认定带来了巨大的困难。根据网络暴力不同的行为方式，可以将其划分为人肉搜索型、网络侮辱、诽谤型和网络寻衅滋事型四种类型。在责任主体的认定上，可以将发起者、个人信息的违法收集者以及个人信息发布者划定为人肉搜索型网络暴力的犯罪主体，将发起者、传播者和网络服务提供者认定为网络侮辱、诽谤的犯罪主体，将普通网民、网络水军中的首要分子认定为网络寻衅滋事的犯罪主体。
The development of the Internet era has brought new challenges to the governance of social violence. Due to the rampant use of internet technology, serious cases of cyberbullying have arisen in society. The group nature, anonymous identity, and secrecy of cyber violence make it difficult to identify the responsible parties. Depending on the different behavior patterns of cyber violence, it can be categorized into four types: human flesh search, online insult, defamation, and online provocation. In terms of the identification of the responsible party, the initiators, illegal collectors of personal information, and publishers of personal information can be defined as the criminal subjects of cyber vigilantism, while the initiators, spreaders, and providers of network services can be identified as the criminal subjects of online defamation and slander. Ordinary netizens and the ringleaders of online hooligans can be identified as the criminal subjects of online provocation.